PRODUCTION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE

AND TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE

INTRODUCTION`
Large tonage of low-grade calcium phosphates are made as fertilizers. There are two distinct grades possible based on the method of production from phosphate rock:

* Super phosphate made by reacting phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, contains 1620% P2O5.
* Triple Super phosphate made by reacting phosphate rock with phosphoric acid, contains 4250% P2O5

COMMON INITIALIZATION PROCESS

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BOTH SUPER PHOSPHATE AND TRIPLESUPERPHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE ROCK CYCLONE SEPARATOR CRUSHER

RING ROLL MILL

PHOSPHATE ROCK LUMPS ARE CRUSHED IN A JAW CRUSHER AND GROUND IN A HAMMER OR RING MILL.

THE REQUIRED SIZED CRUSHED PHOSPHATE ROCK IS SEPARATED USING A CYCLONE SEPARATOR.

PRODUCTION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE

VENT GAS CO2

H 2O H 2O

60% H2SO4
CONTINUOUS BLENDER HF SiF4

TO F RECOVERY

ROTARY GRANULATOR

FEEDER

12m
DEN OR SILO 24 HR STORAGE

SUPER PHOSPHATE FOR BAGGING AND SHIPPING

HOT AIR

PRODUCTION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
A high (30-35% P2O5) grade of natural is ordinarily specified, since the demand is for high P2O5 content product. Dilute sulfuric acid (62-72% H2SO4) is the only other chemical involved.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
a. ACIDULATION
Ca3(PO4)2]3.CaF2 + 7H2SO4(aq)
PHOSPHATE ROCK

3CaH4(PO4)2.7CaSO4 + 2HF
SUPER PHOSPHATE

a. SiO2 IMPURITY REMOVAL

4HF + SiO2
SiF4 + 2H2O 2H2SiF6 + NaCl

SiF4 + 2H2O
2H2SiF6 + SiO2 Na2SiF6 + 2HCl

PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Phosphate Rock lumps are crushed in a jaw crusher and ground to -100 mesh in a hammer are ring mill. A continuous feed of dilute sulfuric acid and powdered phosphate rock is monitored by automatic control into a steel trough, lead-lined and brick-lined, covered with a hood to collect SiF4 and HF fumes. The rotating mechanism, made of cast iron blades on a square shaft, moves the product gradually forward at a rate of 0.2 to 0.5 meter/min through the 12-15 mtrs reactor-conveyor unit . With proper grinding and acid control, the reaction is effectively completed and can be sent directly to a granulator. The SiF4 and HF fumes along with CO2 are scrubbed in water and the silica is removed by NaCl. The porous, crumbly material from the den is mixed with rock dust from the grinding section of the plant and fed to the inside of a slopping rotary drum. Water is sprayed on the tumbling solids to form freeflowing granules and to enhance the acidulation reaction. The product is dried in a rotary drier and packed in 50kg plastic-lined jute packs

PRODUCTION OF TRIPLESUPERPHOSPHATE

75% H3PO4 STEAM 650C ACID

FEEDER

TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE FOR BAGGING AND SHIPPING

CONTINIOUS BELT REACTOR

H2O

FINES RECYCLE ROTARY GRANULATOR

HOT AIR

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Ca3(PO4)2]3.CaF2 + 14H3PO4
PHOSPHATE ROCK

10CaH4(PO4)2 + 2HF
TRIPLESUPER PHOSPHATE

PROCESS DESCRIPTION
A process similar to that of super phosphate is used. The acid at 60-700C is mixed with ground phosphate rock in a continuous mixture and passed to continuous belt where the reaction is completed in 15 to 20 mins. The product is then granulated, dried and bagged.

APPLICATION
BOTH SUPER PHOSPHATE AND TRIPLE SUPER PHPSPHATE ARE USED AS FERTILISER.
THEY ARE EITHER INDIVIDUALY USED AS FERTILISER, OR COMBINED WITH NITRATE AND POTASIUM SALTS TO FORM N P K FERTILIZERS.

FERTILIZERS

Fertilizers (also spelt fertilizer) are chemical compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either through the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. Fertilizers can be organic (composed of organic matter), or inorganic (made of simple, inorganic chemicals or minerals). They can be naturally occurring compounds such as peat or mineral deposits, or manufactured through natural processes (such as composting) or chemical processes (such as the Haber process). These chemical compounds leave lawns, gardens, and soils looking beautiful as they are given different essential nutrients that encourage plant growth.

FERTILIZERS

HISTORY OF FERTILIZERS
While manure, cinder and ironmaking slag have been used to improve crops for centuries, the use of fertilizers is arguably one of the great innovations of the Agricultural Revolution of the 19th Century.

PICTURE GALARY

LOCATION OF FERTILISER INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

APPLICATION OF FERTILISERS TO FORM USING A GLIDER

PICTURE AND STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHATE ROCK