GSM TECHNOLOGY Standards & Implementation

GSM900 DCS1800
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10/4/99

Introduction to Cellular

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Cell Configuration

Omni-directional Cell

Sectorial Cell

BTS

BTS

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Frequency Reuse

F= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Clusters

GSM uses concept of cells One cell covers small part of network Network has many cells Frequency used in one cell can be used in another cells This is known as Frequency Re-use F=2

F=2 F=7 F=1 F=6,10 F=3

F=4,8 F=5,9
F=2 F=7

F=7
F=1 F=6,10 F=5,9

F=3 F=4,8 F=6,10

F=3
F=1 F=4,8 F=5,9

Co-Channel ( Re-use ) Cells

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10/4/99

GSM Network Architecture

BSC
OML

OMC VMSC
BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS MS BTS BTS BTS

A
TRAU

AUC

MSC

HLR EIR VLR

SMSC

BC
BSC PSTN
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Mobile Station Identities

MSISDN : Human Identity used to call a Mobile Station MSRN : Mobile Station Roaming No

CC 98

NDC XXX

SN 12345

IMSI : Network Identity unique to a SIM

3 digits 2 digits 10 digits

MCC 404

MNC XX

MSIN 12345

TMSI : Identity unique in a LAI

IMEI: Serial number unique to every Mobile Station

TAC
6 digits

FAC
2 digits

SNR
6 digits

S
1 digit

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GSM Signaling Interfaces

A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I = SS7 Abis = LAPD OML = X.25 BSC MSC B

VLR
G D

VLR
C F
HLR/AUC

HLR/ AUC

Abis BTS

EIR
OMC
OML I E SUPP H GMSC
GSMSC

PSTN

SS7/R2

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GSM Air Interface

Separate Bands for Uplink and Downlink

Down link : 935 - 960 MHz ( E-GSM 925 - 960 MHz ) Uplink : 890 - 915 MHz ( E-GSM 880 - 915 MHz)

TDMA and FDMA Multiplex

124 Frequency Channels (ARFCN) for GSM900 1 to 124 for current band 975 to 1023 for E-GSM 200kHz Channels 8 Mobiles share ARFCN by TDMA

0.3 GMSK Modulation

270.833 kbits/sec. rate

Variable Tx Power and Timing

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The GSM Burst

Time

Amplitude

Frequency

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Speech coding Process

22.8 Kbps 456 bits

20ms Speech Coder 260 bits 13 kbps

Tranceiver ( BTS )

260 bits 50 1a 132 1b

Channel Coder 456 bits 22.8 Kbps

13 kbps

78 11

Transcoder Handler 16 kbps 260 + 60 = 320 bits TRAU Frame Abis

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10

Measuring Adjacent Cell BCH Power

DOWNLINK

UPLINK

ADJACENT CELL BCH

RXLEV

RXLEV

RXLEV

RXLEV

RXLEV

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11

Mobile Power Control

Mobile is commanded to change its Transmit Power Change in Power is proportionate to the Path Loss Change is Power is done in steps of 2 dbs

Tx Level 5 6 7 . 14 15

Power dBm 33 31 29 . 15 13

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12

Timing Advance
TDMA approach requires signals to arrive at BTS at the correct time. They must not overlap

BTS

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13

Physical and Logical Channel

Physical Channel
TO
ARFCN ( 200Khz )

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T
Logical Channels

Logical Channels

Control Channel

Traffic Channel

Broadcast Channel

Dedicated Control Channel

Common Control Channel

Full Rate TCH

Half Rate TCH

BCCH FCH SCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH

PAGCH AGCH RACH CBCH NCH

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14

Logical Channels
Traffic Channels

Traffic Channels carry either encoded speech or user data Two forms of Traffic Channels are defined : -- Full rate Traffic Channel : Carries encoded information at gross rate of 22.8Kbps -- Half rate Traffic Channel : Carries encoded information at gross rate of 11.4 Kbps

Speech Traffic Channels Full rate Traffic Channel for speech : Speech out of encoded information is at 13 kbps Half rate Traffic Channel for speech : Speech out of encoded information is at 6.5 kbps

Data Traffic Channels Full rate Traffic Channel for 9.6 kbps user data Full rate Traffic Channel for 4.8 kbps user data Full rate Traffic Channel for < 2.4 kbps user data
Traffic Channels Modes Circuit Switching mode ( transparent connection to a service like telephony ) Packet Swithching mode ( as per recommendation X.25 or other standardised protocols)

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15

Logical Channels
Broadcast Channels ( BCH )
Frequency Correction Channels ( FCCH ) : Carries Information for frequency correction of the mobile stations. ( Downlink )

Synchronisation Channels ( SCH ) : Carries information for frame synchronization of the mobile stations and identification of BTS ( Downlink ) Contains two pieces of information : BSIC & Reduced Frame Number *

Broadcast Control Channels ( BCCH ) : Broadcasts various cell parameters and other information required by the mobile to access the network. ( Downlink)

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16

Logical Channels
Broadcast Channels ( BCH )
TN
FN 0 0 FCCH SCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCH SCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

FN 10 FN 11

FCCH & SCH occurs every 10th frame BCCH is send in block of 4 frames BCCH block occurs once in 51 frames

FN 51

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17

Logical Channels
Common Control Channels

Paging Channel ( PCH ) : Used to page Mobiles ( Downlink )

Access Grant Channel ( AGCH ) : Used to for allocation of a dedicated channel ( SDCCH ) ( Downlink )

Random Access Channel ( RACH ) : Used to request allocation of dedicated channel ( SDCCH ) ( Uplink )

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18

Logical Channels
0
FN 0
FCCH

5 0

6 1

7 2 3 4 5 6 7

Downlink
AGCH
AGCH AGCH AGCH

FN 0

RACH RACH RACH

Uplink

FN 10 FN 11 FN 12

FCCH SCH PCH PCH

CCCH is configured to AGCH & PCH either dynamically or through O & M AGCH & PCH also occurs in block of 4 No of AGCH & PCH in one Multiframe depends on channel combinations

RACH RACH RACH RACH RACH RACH RACH RACH RACH

PCH
PCH PCH PCH PCH

RACH
RACH RACH RACH

FN 19 FN 51

PCH

FN 51

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19

Logical Channels
Dedicated Control Channels

Standalone dedicated control channel ( SDCCH ) : Used for conveying signaling information ( Downlink & Uplink ) Slow Associated Control Channel ( SACCH ) : Used for conveying slow information associated with SDCCH and TCH ( Downlink and Uplink ) Fast Associated Control Channel ( FACCH ) : Associated with TCH for conveying fast signaling information (D&U) Cell Broadcast Control Channel ( CBCH ) : Subset of SDCCH used for broadcasting cell broadcast messages ( Downlink )

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20

Mapping of Logical channels on PCHN

Mapping of Channel Combinations using Multiframe Concept

B+D
0
TN=0

Downlink
B B C C F S F S C C C C F S F S D0 D0 D1 D1 F S F S D2 D2 D3 D3 F S F S A0 A2 A1 A3

50
I I

F S F S

0
D3 D3 R R R R A2 A0 A3 A1

Uplink
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D0 D0 D1 D1 R R R R

50
D2 D2

B
0
TN=0

Downlink
B C F S C C F S C C F S C C F S C C

50
I

F S

Uplink

50

TN=0 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

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21

Mapping of Logical channels on PCHN

Mapping of Channel Combinations using Multiframe Concept

D
0
TN=0

Downlink
D1 D1 D2 D2 D3 D3 D4 D4 D5 D5 D6 D6 D7 D7 A0 A4 A1 A5 A2 A6 A3 A7 I I I I

50
I I

D0 D0

0
TN=0

Uplink
A6
A2

50
D2
D2

A5
A1

A7
A3

I
I

I
I

I
I

D0
D0

D1
D1

D3
D3

D4
D4

D5
D5

D6
D6

D7
D7

A0
A4

B+C
0
TN=0

Downlink
I B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C

50
I

0
TN=2,4,6

Uplink

50

R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

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22

Mapping of Logical channels on PCHN

Mapping of Channel Combinations using Multiframe Concept
T
0 Downlink 25
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I

TN=0

Uplink

25

T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I

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23

FRAMES
1 Burst = 577usecs

1 TDMA Frame

3 4 5
Multiframe

= 8 bursts = 4.616 ms

23 24

25

48 49

50

1 TCH Multiframe = 26 TF = 120ms

1 CCH Multiframe = 51 TF = 234.6ms

0 0

1 1

2 2

48 23

49 24

50 25

1 Superframe = 51 TCH MF = 1326 TF = 6.12 sec

1 Superframe = 26 CCH MF = 1326 TF = 6.12 sec

2044 2045 2046 2047

1 Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes = 2715648 TDMA Frames = 3 hrs 28 min 53 sec 760 ms
10/4/99 24

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