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About NTPC
NTPC, the largest power Company in India, was setup in 1975 to accelerate power development in the country. NTPC has installed capacity of 29,394 MW. 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW) 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW) 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW). The company has power generating facilities in all major regions of the country. It plans to be a 75,000 MW company by 2017.
Generation of Electricity
Prime mover coupled to Alternator Prime mover is driven by energy obtained from various sources such as burning of fuel pressure of water Force of wind etc.
Fig. Fundamental of generation of Electricity
a. Steam generating equipment b. Condenser c. Prime mover d. Cooling towers e. Electrical equipment
Steam generating equipment includes:
Boiler Boiler furnace Superheater Economiser Air Pre-heater
Boiler
A boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted into steam by utilising the heat of coal combustion. Steam boilers are broadly classified into following two types: (a) Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers
In a water tube boiler, water flows through the tubes and the hot gases of combustion flow over these tubes. Water-tube boilers are used for high-pressure boilers
In a fire tube boiler, the hot products of combustion pass through the tubes surrounded by water.
The heated water then rises into the steam drum. Here, saturated steam is drawn off the top of the drum. The steam will reenter the furnace in through a superheater in order to become superheated. Superheated steam is used in driving turbines. Since water droplets can severely damage turbine blades, steam is superheated to 730F (390C) or higher in order to ensure that there is no water entrained in the steam.
Super heater
A device which removes last traces of moisture. It helps in reduction in requirement of steam quantity. steam being dry reduces the mechanical resistance of turbine. No corrosion at the turbine blades.
Condenser
Which condenses the steam at the exhaust of turbine. It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of turbine, this helps in converting heat energy of steam into mechanical energy in the prime mover. The condensed steam can be used as feed water to the boiler.
BOILER
Cooling Towers
Remove heat from the water discharged from the condenser so that the water can be discharged to the river or re circulated and reused. Air can be circulated in the cooling towers through natural draft and mechanical draft.
Electrical Equipments
Alternator An alternator is coupled to a steam turbine and converts mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. It may be hydrogen or air cooled. The necessary excitation is provided by means of main and pilot exciters directly coupled to the alternator shaft. Transformers (a) main step-transformers, which steps-up generated voltage transmission of power (b) station transformers, general purpose (c) auxiliary transformers, which supply to individual unit-auxiliaries. Switchgear which locates fault on the system and isolate faulty part from healthy section. It contains circuit breakers, relays, switches and other control devices.
Two emission control devices for flyash are the fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators.
Electrostatic precipitators have collection efficiency of 99%, but do not work well for flyash with a high electrical resistivity (as commonly results from combustion of lowsulfur coal). In addition, the designer must avoid allowing unburned gas to enter the electrostatic precipitator since the gas could be ignited.
The fluegas laden with flyash is sent through pipes having negatively charged plates which give the particles a negative charge. The particles are then routed past positively charged plates, or grounded plates, which attract the now negatively-charged ash particles. The particles stick to the positive plates until they are collected. The air that leaves the plates is then clean from harmful pollutants.
Coal Ash can be used in: Construction of embankments and fills Construction of road in sub-base Manufacture of cement Manufacture of bricks/blocks Filling as flowable fill material Agriculture as soil amendment/source of essential plant nutrients
OPERATION
MANOMETRY LAB
This Lab. Consists of :
Sensor Indicator Scale/Recorder
Bourdon Tube
Manometer
It is a pressure measuring instrument, usually limited to measuring pressures near to atmospheric. The term manometer is often used to refer specifically to liquid column hydrostatic instruments.
PYROMETRY LAB
This lab deals with the instruments related to temperature measurement like:
Thermocouple Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
Thermocouple
Used for the measurement of high temperature with a dual element made of Aluminum 16 Gauge.
Relays
It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical circuits by constantly measuring the electrical quantities flowing under normal and faulty conditions. Types:
o o
Fuses
It is a sheet piece of metal. It melts if a heavy current flows through it and breaks the circuit. Usually silver is used as a fuse material. Types:
o o o
Semi Enclosed Rewire able Fuse H.R.C Cartridge Fuse Miniature Current breakers
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