ENERGY

Sagar Laungani

Yuliya Ramaniuk
Kyril Fionov Samir Mustafayev Piotr Pawelec Roman Walczak Karolina Sitek

Introduction
Energy was derived from the ancient Greek

word Energeia which means Activity or Operation

Gottfried Leibniz was the first one to define energy in

the real sense.

Energy is a crucial ingredient for economic

development

The Role of Energy in Development

Undershot Water Wheel

How Steam Engines Work

Thomas Edison

Maria Skodowska-Curie

Energy Resources
Renewable (16%) Solar Wind Falling, flowing water Biomass Non-renewable (84%) Oil Natural gas Coal Nuclear power

Evaluating Energy Resources

Total Energy Production World

Highest & Lowest Energy Producing Countries

Total Energy Demand of the World

Highest & Lowest Energy Consuming Countries

World Energy Consumption By Fuel

World Energy Consumption By End Use

Total Energy Trade (Region Wise)

Factors Influencing Energy

Political and economic influences
Territorial drivers External energy needs of islands Climate Change Energy Prices

Energy for a Changing World

Sustainability
Security of supply Competitiveness

Key proposals of EU Commission

A reduction in EU greenhouse

gas emissions of at least 20% A minimum target of 10% for the use of biofuels by 2020 Developing technologies in areas including renewable energy, energy conservation, low-energy buildings

EU ENERGY STRATEGIES
Energy 2020. A strategy for competitive, sustainable

and secure energy Energy Roadmap 2050

Key goals of Energy 2020 and Energy Roadmap 2050

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR A EUROPEAN ENERGY

POLICY ESTABLISH THE INTERNAL ENERGY MARKET ENSURE A SECURE ENERGY SUPPLY REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS CONSIDER THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY

ENERGY POLICY AND PROBLEMS OF EU

Consumption of energy in EU, %
40 35

30
25 20

15
10 5 0 OIL GAS COAL NUCLEAR ENERGY RENEWABLE SOURCES

EU Energy Dependency Rate

-650

-625

100

125

-50
25 50 75 0

-25

-75

EU energy dependency rate

EU-27 Euro area Malta Luxembourg Cyprus Ireland Italy Portugal Spain Belgium Greece Slovakia Austria Germany Latvia Hungary Finland France Lithuania Slovenia Bulgaria Sweden Netherlands Poland Czech Republic United Kingdom Estonia Romania Denmark Turkey Switzerland Croatia FYR of Macedonia Norway

Energy Scenarios & Security

Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050
(according to WEC)

Scenarios are stories about what might

happen in the future;

Scenarios enable us to simulate and explore

the future;

3 As
ACCESSIBILITY-the

extent to which people have access to modern & affordable energy;

energy resource deliveries from the place of exploitation to final consumers; of energy production, use and transportation;

AVAILABILITY-ensure

ACCEPTABILITY- the environmental acceptance

Four Scenarios in a Nutshell

Leopard (Low Government Engagement - Low

Cooperation and Integration) Elephant (High Government Engagement - Low Cooperation and Integration) Lion (High Government Engagement High Cooperation and Integration) Giraffe (Low Government Engagement - High Cooperation and Integration)

Leopard (Low Government Low Cooperation)

Domestic economic development is the primary driver, underpinned by domestic energy security. Government engagement is constrained and there are few levies or subsidies. International treaties, where they exist, are ineffective.

Elephant (High Government Low Cooperation)

Strong, hierarchical leadership from governments. The first priority is domestic energy security to support structured economic activity and growth. Focus on development, and protection, of indigenous resources.

Lion (High Government High Cooperation)

National policies provide protection of property and commercial rights promoting international alliances. Governments and businesses actively share their experience and expertise. Public Private Partnerships ensure a focus on delivery of policy intent.

Giraffe (Low Government High Cooperation)

Primary focus is economic growth, freeing up global markets to promote international trade. Heavy reliance on market mechanisms with limited regulation. Few levies and subsidies and few restrictions on global movement of goods and services.

Fact 1
To meet the energy needs of all the people in the world, global energy supplies will have to double before 2050.

Fact 2
The world has sufficient energy resources, knowledge, skills and capital to meet the supply needs; the challenge is to get them from where they are plentiful to where they are needed most

Fact 3
We can address the worlds accessibility needs in harmony with the effective management of acceptability, thereby mitigating against both social and environmental degradation.

Fact 4
Higher energy prices (or the expectation of it) will drive efficiency and attract capital investment in developed countries but robust international cooperation and integration is necessary to avoid unintended negative consequences and exacerbating energy poverty in developing countries.

Fact 5
Private sector engagement is essential influencing national policy, driving business policy, and ensuring focus on sustained delivery of the policy intent.

Security
Energy security depends on a number of factors (see table) Countries with a diverse energy mix are less at risk than those relying on 1 or 2 sources Renewable potential could be used to offset declining fossil fuel reserves or supply interruptions Reliance on long distance international trade in fossil fuels may be risky Demand and dependency are important too, as it is difficult to replace a large amount of oil with another energy source for instance

Domestic fossil fuel reserves Countries like Italy and Japan have few of their own resources

Domestic renewable potential Small, crowded nations like Singapore and South Korea lack renewable potential Import pathway risk The UK imports gas from Russia and Qatar, both long distance pathways.

Domestic energy mix France relies heavily on nuclear power, and the UK on gas.

There are number of sources of tension, both present and future, related to energy security and the threat of insecurity Scenario Oil hits $100 Explanation
Sustained oil price of over $100 per barrel, for several years.

Consequences
Prolonged economic recession and rising fuel poverty in OECD countries

Middle East meltdown

Tensions in the Gulf escalate into war between Muslim factions; possibly involving Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey and others.
Wholesale shifting towards nuclear to replace fossil fuels, leads to global spread of nuclear power and technology The Gulf States hold 60%+ of oil reserves and Russia/Qatar/ Iran 60%+ of gas; the world has not shifted to renewables. Canada, Russia, USA and EU begin to exploit the Arctic for oil and gas, but without clear delineation of territorial areas.

Interruption of oil and gas flows; rising prices; tension between China and USA to secure oil supply
Power stations become soft targets for terrorism; enriched uranium and depleted plutonium get into the wrong hands. Energy superpowers begin to name their price and take care of their friends; major geopolitical shifts A war or words over who has the right to exploit what, quickly becomes a new cold war possibly a hot one

The nuclear option

Energy superpowers

Arctic attack

Energy and sustain development

Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. hydroelectricity solar energy wind energy technologies designed to improve energy efficiency

Geographical structure

Hydropower

Progress in the fields

Wind energy

Electricity access

Employment in energy
The energy markets are shrinking no chance for creating new jobs

Clean energy employment

European Union

Conclusion
The demand for energy is growing at a steady pace

especially in developing countries.

Energy is mandatory for economic development. The world is moving from using conventional sources

of energy to alternative sources of energy.

Bibliography
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/
http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/news/2012/o

ctober/name,32874,en.html
http://yearbook.enerdata.net/ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.CRNW.Z

S/countries