Fundamentals of Electricity -Voltage and Current

Chapter 2

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Chapter Objectives
Define electricity

Define voltage and current

Describe the Bohr's Model of Atom Explain the concept of Direct and Alternating current

Identify advantages and disadvantages of

Alternating current and Direct current Explain the use of AC and DC in computer Measure voltage and current using multi meters Identify Voltage and current requirements in a PC.

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Recall
Computer is an electronic device that processes a set

of instructions and performs a specific task. There are various types of computers namely Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers. The basic structure of computer includes various unit such as input, output, storage and processing device to perform arithmetic and logical operations. The internal components are CPU, Motherboard, RAM ,Storage Devices and Power Supply.

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ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a form of energy with the flow of

electrons and protons which results in the flow of electric charges

Electric charge depends upon the flow of electric

current which consists of electrons flowing from negative to positive terminal of the battery

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ELECTRICITY
Electric potential is measured when a unit of

electric charge is moved from point to another

The space surrounded by electrically charged

particles is known as electric field. These charged particles interaction causes electromagnetic fields

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Voltage and Current

Voltage can be defined as the measure of potential

difference or electromotive force

Voltage is measured by voltmeter. The unit of voltage

is volts and it is represented by symbol "V"

Current is defined as the flow of electrical charge

from one point to another

Current is measured in amperes. It is represented by

symbol "I and it is measured by ammeter

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Bohr Model of Atom

Bohr's model describes an atom as a positively

charged nucleus around which electrons revolve in circular orbits

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Questions for GD
What is Electricity?

Time Limit 2mins

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Concept of Direct and Alternating Current

The electric charge that flows smoothly in one

direction is called as Direct current

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Concept of Direct and Alternating Current

The electric charge that periodically switches the

direction back and forth is known as alternating current

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Advantages of Direct current

In DC system, the frequency is zero hence there are no variations and even connection synchronization is also not necessary. In DC, there are no issues of maintaining the stability and security of the system it means the transmission of power is easy.

It never induces reactance in the line. This results in translation of higher power capability and capacity.
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Disadvantage of Direct Current

Power is lost during the transmission of electric

charge through wire due to resistance of the wire

It is less reliable and available in case of HDVC (high

voltage direct current)

It is possible to convert the DC into AC but it is too

complex and costly

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Advantages of Alternating Current

An AC voltage can be easily transformed to a higher

or lower voltage by passing it through a simple device known as transformer which can be achieved with very less loss of power
Alternating current can be converted into direct

current very easy and can be made available to the DC equipments

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Disadvantages of Alternating Current

Alternating current requires transformers in

their A/C generators which complicates their circuits

Due to higher voltage there are safety related

issues in which it increases risk of an electric shock

It is expensive to transmit electric charges for

long distances
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Use of AC and DC in computer

It is used in various components of

computers like hard disk, DVD drive, Processor, Keyboard, mouse etc.

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Question for GD

Time Limits -2 Mins

List the difference between AC and DC

Alternating Current Direct Current

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Measuring voltage using Voltmeter

Voltmeter measures the potential difference

between two points i.e. positive and negative terminal

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Hands on
Measuring voltage using a multimeter in a

given circuit.

Measuring voltage of a battery using a

multimeter

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Measuring current using Ammeter

Ammeter measures the current across the

circuit

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Hands on
Measuring the current flowing a circuit using

a multimeter

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Voltage and current requirements in a PC

Voltage required by PC is 230V and normal

current requirement is 3.3A If your system has lot of drives current required will be +12A and if you use more than one CPU then rating will be +3.3A and +5A

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Summary-I
Electricity is a form of energy with the flow of

electrons and protons which results in the flow of electric charges

Voltage can be defined as the measure of

electromotive force or potential difference

Current is defined as the flow of electrical

charge from one point to another

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Summary-II
Bohr model describes the atom as the

smallest part of an element. It consists of protons and neutrons at its centre and the electrons revolving around them
In an alternating current, the flow of an

electric charge switches periodically back and forth whereas in direct current it flows smoothly in one direction
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Summary-III
AC is used in household appliances and

businesses whereas DC is applied are produced by batteries and solar cells

Voltmeter measures the potential difference

between two points i.e. positive and negative terminal

Ammeter is a device used for measuring flow

of electric current in a circuit

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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

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