Computer Fundamentals

Chapter 1

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Chapter Objectives
Explain the Computer and its applications

Explain the Different types of computer

Explain the Basic structure of computer Explain the Internal components of a computer

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Computer
Computer is an electronic device that receives data,

processes the data according to the set of instructions, stores data and gives the desired output.
Computer is used to perform various mathematical

calculations and financial transactions quickly

We can also use the computer for entertainment,

such as watching movies using DVDs, listening to music using CDs and MP3s.

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Types of Computer
There are four main types of computers, namely

Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers.

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Microcomputer
Microcomputer is a digital computer that works on a

microprocessor. It is also known as personal computer

The microcomputer is also widely used for entertainment

purpose as well as playing games, listening music, and watch movies. The Microcomputer is also widely used to access the Internet
Benefits of Microcomputers are: Small Size Low Cost Portable
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Minicomputer
Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and

multi-user computer
The minicomputer is a medium range computer Examples of minicomputer are Open Mini Pc, Fit-PC,

MSI Mini PC etc

It is used in business organizations for the

maintenance of accounts and financial data and applications.

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Mainframe
Mainframes computers are used to serve as the

center of large systems in companies

Mainframe computers are also known as enterprise

servers
Mainframes are very large and expensive computers

Example of Mainframe computers is IBM System z10

Mainframes.
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Supercomputer
Supercomputer is the fastest and most expensive type

of computer
Applications that use large amounts of calculations

use supercomputers. Some of these applications are molecular chemistry, nuclear research, weather reports, and advanced physics
Supercomputer can be a single or multiple computer

system
Examples of supercomputer are Cray Jaguar, IBM

Roadrunner, IBM NORC etc.

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Applications of Computer
Applications of Computer are :

Word Processing :- It is the most widely used computer application which is used to create, edit and print documents using the computer program known as Word Processor.

Eg. Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, and Lotus WordPro

Spreadsheets :- it is a computer application that represents a table consisting of cells i.e. rows and columns.

Eg. MS Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, and Open office.org i.e. open calc
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Database :- It is a collection of data in an organized manner by managing, rearranging and adding the information.

Eg. MS Access, Oracle, SQL Server, MySql, etc..,

Graphics :- It is a computer application that deals with pictures, i.e. static, moving, flat or 3D.

Eg. Adobe Photoshop

Web browsers :- It is a computer application used for retrieving, presenting and traversing information by navigating the World Wide Web. Eg. Internet Explorer
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Question for GD

Time Limit 5mins

What are the different types of computers and

what are their applications?

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Basic structure of Computer

The Basic structure of a computer includes various

units such as

Input Device Output Device Storage Device Processing Device

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Input device:- It is the computer unit that sends data and set of instructions to the computer system. The most commonly used input devices are keyboard, mouse and scanner. Output device:- A device that is used to display or produce output is known as output device. Many devices are used to display the output such as monitors and printers Storage device:- It stores the data of the computers. Many devices are used to store data such as disk floppy disks, pen drives, external hard disks etc.
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Processing device :- The main function of the computer is to process data. The processing device of the computer is the processor commonly known as Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processor comprises of two units ALU and CU

Arithmetic and Logic Unit:- It performs operations like addition, multiplication, division, comparison of the numbers. Control Unit:- Control unit controls the other units

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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What is the basic structure of computer?

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Internal components of PC - I
The internal components of a PC include

CPU :- It is termed as the brain of the Computer. The two distinct

Components of a CPU are Arithmetic Logic Unit that carries out the logical and arithmetic operations and the Control Unit that decodes and performs the instructions extracted from the memory,
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Internal components of PC - II
Motherboard:- It is most important component of a system. It contains interface for the microprocessor, memory and storage devices. RAM:- It is semiconductor-based memory where the CPU or the other hardware devices can read /write the data Its store data temporarily. It is also known as volatile memory.

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Internal components of PC - III

Storage devices:- it is a long-term

memory such as hard disk that stores all the content of the system permanently. Power supply :- it is a device that transfers electrical energy from the Source to the load using electronic Circuits. It accepts the AC power from the socket and converts it to DC power for the system.
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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What are the internal components of a

computer?

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Summary - I
The Computer is an electronic machine that accepts

data, processes it on the basis of some instructions and produces an output

The different types of computers are Microcomputers,

Minicomputers, Mainframes and Supercomputers

Applications of Computer consists Word Processing,

Spreadsheets, Database, Graphics, Web browsers, Games etc

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Summary II
The basic structure of a PC includes various units

such as data input, storage, data processing and output

The internal components of a PC include CPU,

Motherboard, RAM, Storage devices and Power supply to perform various functions.

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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

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