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Gas turbines are ideal for this application as they can be started and stopped quickly . There are two basic types of gas turbines Aero derivative and, Industrial. Over the last ten years there have been major improvements to the sizes and efficiencies of these gas turbines.
fan-like device called the compressor. Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a combustion chamber and ignited. Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine wheels. Most of the turbines power runs the compressor. Part of it drives the generator/machinery.
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Site selection The plant should be located near the load center to avoid transmission cost and losses The site should be away from residential due to noisy operation Cheap and good quality fuel should be easily available Availability of labour. Availability of means of transportation land should be available at cheaper price The bearing capacity of the land should be high
Classification of gas turbine power plant By application In aircraft 1. Jet propulsion 2. Prop-jet Stationary 1. Industrial unit 2. Standby unit 3. End of transmission line unit 4. Base load unit
Classification of gas turbine power plant Locomotive Marine Transport By cycle Open cycle Closed cycle Semi closed cycle
Classification of gas turbine power plant According to arrangement Simple Single shaft Multi shaft Re heat Intercooler Regenerative combination According to combustion Continuous combustion Intermittent combustion
Classification of gas turbine power plant By fuel Solid fuel Liquid fuel Gaseous fuel
Merits of gas turbine over IC engine The mechanical efficiency of gas turbine (95%) is quite higher because of less sliding parts Flywheel not required as the torque on the shaft is continuous and uniform Can be drive at high RPM(40000) Work developed /kg of air is more due to expansion of gases up to atmospheric pressure Components are lighter since pressure used is very low(5 bar) Exhaust from gas turbine is less since excess air is used for combustion
Demerits of gas turbine over IC engine Less thermal efficiency Fuel control is difficult Difficult to start Blades need separate cooling system
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Burners The compressed air and fuel is mixed and metered in special equipment called burners. The burners are attached to chambers called combustors. The fuel & air mixture is ignited close to the exit tip of the burners, then allowed to fully burn in the combustors. The temperature of the gas in the combustors and entering the turbine can reach up to 1350C. Special heat resistant materials (such as ceramics) are used to line the inside walls of the combustors. The area between the combustors and the turbine are also lined.
automobiles because of their very high speeds. Power generation(used for peak load and as stand-by unit). Note : Gas turbines run at even higher temperatures than steam turbines, the temperature may be as high as 1100 12600C. The thermal efficiency of gas turbine made of metal components do not exceed 36%. Research is underway to use ceramic components at turbine inlet temperature of 13500C or more, and reach thermal efficiencies over 40% in a 300 kW unit.
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Fuel
Gas turbines can operate on a variety of gaseous or liquid fuels, including: Liquid or gaseous fossil fuel such as crude oil, heavy fuel oil, natural gas, methane, distillate and "jet fuel" (a type of kerosene used in aircraft jet engines); Gas produced by gasification processes using, for example, coal, municipal waste and biomass; and Gas produced as a by-product of an industrial process such as oil refining. When natural gas is used, power output and thermal efficiency of the gas turbines are higher than when using most liquid fuels.
Inlet Air
The air coming into the compressor of a gas turbine must be cleaned of impurities (such as dust and smoke) which could erode or stick to the blades of the compressor or turbine, reducing the power and efficiency of the gas turbine. Dry filters or water baths are usually used to carry out this cleaning.
Noise
The inlet air (blue) enters the compressor at the left. The
exhaust gas (red) leaves the turbine at the right. The burners and combustors are located between the compressor and turbine Gas turbines are very compact and occupy small ground area.. Silencers are usually fitted in the inlet air and exhaust gas ducts.
The photo shows what such a gas turbine looks like when its
top half casing has been removed for inspection or maintenance. The air compressor is on the left and the turbine is on the right. The section that would hold the burners and combustors is between the compressor and the turbine. Note the large bolts that are used to hold the two halves of the casing together.
Closed Cycle
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intercooling reduces compressor work. Increases both work ratio & specific work output. Decrease thermal efficiency & hence used along with heat exchanger.
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Inter cooler
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GT plant. No Effect on thermal efficiency because the extra work is obtained at the expense of additional fuel.
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runs the compressor shaft. The hot gases(products of combustion) expands through the high pressure turbine. It is important to note that when the HPT shaft rotates it infact drives the compressor shaft which is coupled to it. Now the HPT runs the compressor and the starting motor is stopped. Note : About 66% of the power developed by the gas turbine power plant is used to run the compressor.
Only 34% of the power developed by the plant is used to generate electric power.
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Combined cycle