06 Wcdma Power Control Issue1.1

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
All rights reserved

www.huawei.com
Internal
OWJ200107 WCDMA
Power Control
ISSUE 1.1
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Page 1
Chapter 1 Power Control Overview
Chapter 2 Open Loop Power Control
Chapter 3 Close Loop Power Control
Page 2
Uplink transmission character
Self-interference
Capacity is limited by interference
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink power control
Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power
Purpose of uplink power control
Page 3
Downlink transmission character
Interference among different subscribers since the orthogonality is
influenced by transmission environment
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink power control
Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power
Purpose of downlink power control
Page 4
The Relationship between Transmitted Power and
Received Power after Power Control Methods Introduced
0 200 400 600 800
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (ms)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

p
o
w
e
r

(
d
B
)

Channel
Transmitted power
Received power
Page 5
Power control classification
Power control classification
Open loop Power control
Closed loop Power control
Uplink inner power control
Downlink inner-power control
Uplink outer power control
Downlink outer power control

Page 6

Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
"X" can be applied, "" not applied
Physical
channel
Open loop
power
control
Inner loop
power
control
Outer loop
power
Control
No power control process,
power is specified by upper
layers.
DPDCH X X
DPCCH X X X
PCCPCH X
SCCPCH X
PRACH X
AICH X
PICH X
Page 7
Page 8
Chapter 2 Open Power Control
2.1 Open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control
Page 9
Open Loop Power Control Overview
Purpose
UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path
by measuring the downlink channel signals, then calculate the
transmission power of the uplink channel

The open loop power control principle
Fast fading of the uplink channel is unrelated to fast fading of the
downlink channel
Page 10
Open Loop Power Control Overview
the disadvantage of open loop power control
This power control method is rather vague
Application scenarios of open loop power control
In the range of a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually
more serious than that caused by propagation loss.
Open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of
connection setup, generally in setting the initial power value.
Page 11
Page 12
Open Loop Power Control of PRACH
The random access procedure of PRACH is shown in above figure: UE transmit a preamble using the selected uplink
access slot, signature, and preamble transmission power. After that ,UTARN will response AI if the preamble is received.
Then the UE will transmit the message part if the AI is received. But, if UE does not receive the AI from UTRAN in p-p
period, a next preamble will be transmitted. The process wont stop until the AI received by UE.
AICH access
slots RX at UE
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
One access slot
t
p-a
t
p-m
t
p-p
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble
Message part
Acq.
Ind.
Page 13
Open Loop Power Control of PRACH
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control
Preamble_Initial_Power = PCPICH DL TX power CPICH_RSCP + UL
interference + Constant Value
Parameters explanation
The values of PCPICH DL TX powerUL interference and Constant
Value are given in system information.
The value of CPICH_RSCP is measured by UE
PCPICH DL TX power is very closed to the downlink coverage ability,
which is already given in cell setup.
UL interference can be measured by NodeB, then it will be reported to RNC.
Constant Value is the threshold of preamble message. This value has to be
analysed very carefully.
Page 14
Open loop power control of PRACH
NO. Parameter Parameter meaning
1 Power Offset Pp-m The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This
value plus the access preamble power is the power of the control part
2 Constant Value This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial
transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop power
3 PRACH Power Ramp Step This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not
received the capture indication from NodeB
4 Preamble Retrans Max This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE
within a preamble ramp cycle
Power Ramp Step
P
p- m
10ms/20ms
Preable_Initial_
power
Page 15
Different Constant Values for different stage of WCDMA network
lifecycle. Take the beginning stage for example:
Constant Value could be greater (-16dB or -15dB) so that the
preamble message can be received easier by UTRAN
The power ramp step could be greater so that the possibility which
the preamble message can be received correctly will be higher
With the increasing of subscribers, the Constant value could be
less 1dB.
Page 16
Application scenarios
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

Open loop power
control of PRACH

5. Downlink Synchronisation

UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP

3. Radio Link Setup Response

NBAP NBAP

2. Radio Link Setup Request

RRC RRC

7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up

Start RX
description

Start TX
description

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

RRC
RRC

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

6. Uplink Synchronisation

NBAP

NBAP

8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 17
Page 18
Open loop power control of DL DPCCH
The DL DPDCH open loop power control can be calculated by the
following formula:
P=Ec/IoReq-CPICH_Ec/Io+PCPICH
Parameters explanation
(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should satisfied UE can receive
the message from the dedicated channel correctly
CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is given to UTRAN by RACH
PCPICH is the transmission power of CPICH
Comments
Similar to UL, the (Ec/Io)Req value should be considered very carefully
Because there is not power ramp in the initial DL DPCCH, the initial power
should be satisfied with the requirements. Therefore, this value can be
greater than the one from simulation to ensure the success ratio
With PO1, PO2 and PO3, initial transmission power for DPCCH can be
calculated
Page 19
Open loop power control of DL DPCCH

Open loop power
control of DPCCH


UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP


NBAP NBAP


RRC RRC


Start RX
description

Start TX
description


RRC
RRC



NBAP

NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 20
Open loop power control of UL DPCCH
The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be calculated by the
following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_powerPCPICH DL TX power-CPICH_RSCP
+UL interference+ Default Constant Value
References explanation
PCPICH DL TX power is the transmission power of CPICH
CPICH_RSCP can be measured by UE
UL interference can be measured by NodeB

Comments
Default Constant Value will decide initial transmission power of Uplink
DPCCH
This value is different from the previous Constant value for PRACH
Page 21
Open loop power control of UL DPCCH

Open loop power
control of DPCCH


UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP


NBAP NBAP


RRC RRC


Start RX
description

Start TX
description


RRC
RRC



NBAP

NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 22
Page 23
3.1 Close Loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control
Page 24
Close loop power control overview
The deficiencies of open loop power control
the open loop power control can decided the initial power, but its still
inaccurate
For WCDMA-FDD system, the uplink fading is not related to the downlink
one because of the big frequency interval of them
Therefore, the path loss and interference estimated by downlink can not
reflect
the one in uplink completely. But, the close loop power control can solve
this problem
The advantages of close loop power control
Can convergence the transmission power of uplink and downlink very fast,
and decrease interference in system.
Maintains a higher quality of service
Why the close loop power control is needed
Page 25
Close loop power control overview
Inner loop
Outer loop
Control process:
BLER
mea
>BLER
tar
SIR
tar

BLER
mea
<BLER
tar
SIR
tar

Until to
BLER
mea
=BLER
tar
SIRtar
Control process
SIR
mea
>SIR
tar
TPC=0

SIR
mea
<SIR
tar
TPC=1

Until to
SIR
mea
=SIR
tar
TPC
Control process
TPC=0 Power
TPC=1 Power
Inner loop power control
With TPC in DPCCH, the SIR can be ensured to the level of target SIR. Inner loop
power control can be done 1500 times in 1 second
Outer loop power control
Through adjusting the SIR target value, BLER can be ensured to the QoS requirement
BLER
tar
Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
power

Page 26
Page 27
Uplink-inner loop power control
NodeB compares the measured signal-to-interference ratio
to the preset target signal-to-interference ratio (SIRtarget).
NodeB
UE
Transmit TPC
Inner-loop
set SIRtar
1500Hz
Each UE has
its own loop
TPC Decision
(01)
TPC_CMD
-1, 0, 1
Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH=tpcTPC_cmd
PCA1
PCA2
Adjust DPDCH Tx
(c,d)
Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar
SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
Page 28
Uplink inner-loop power control
The receivers calculate the SIR by estimating the power strengthen
and the current interference. Then, compare this one with SIRtarget,
If less than SIRtarget, the TPC is 1 to tell receivers increase
transmission power
If greater than SIRtarget, the TPC is 0 to tell receivers decrease
transmission power
The receiver which get the TPC will adjust the transmission power by
algorithms. The inner loop power control can convergence the
estimated SIR to SIR target
How to produce TPC
Page 29
In 3GPP protocol, UE can get different TPC_cmd (1, 0, -1) based
on different PCA (power control algorithm)
Adjustment on DPCCH
DPCCH=tpcTPC_cmd
If TPC_cmd=1Uplink DPCCH Tx should increase tpc
If TPC_cmd=-1Uplink DPCCH Tx should decrease tpc
If TPC_cmd=0uplink DPCCH Tx does not change
tpc
PCA1uplink power control step is tpc=1dB or 2dB
PCA2 uplink power control step is tpc=1dB
TPC_cmd
Page 30
Uplink DPDCH power is decided by the offset between DPCCH and DPDCH
This offset is decided by upper layer
Pilot
N
pilot
bits
TPC
N
TPC
bits
Data
N
data
bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
T
slot
= 2560 chips, 10 bits
1 radio frame: T
f
= 10 ms
DPDCH
DPCCH
FBI
N
FBI
bits
TFCI
N
TFCI
bits
T
slot
= 2560 chips, N
data
= 10*2
k
bits (k=0..6)
Page 31
UE gets one TPC in each time slot
If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1
If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1
This control is done in each TS
Power control frequency is 1500HZ
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

TPC_CMD
TPC
-1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Without soft handover in PCA1
Page 32
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

RLS1-TPC (W
1
)

RLS2-TPC (W
2
)
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Final TPC
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Each TS, combine TPC from
different RLSthen get W
i
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
RLS3-TPC (W
3
)
Get TPC_cmd based on
TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
With soft handover in PCA1
Page 33
Each time slot, UE will receive TPC from different RL. UE can get the final
TPC_cmd based on the following steps:
Combine TPC from same RLS. Actually, the TPCs for same RLS are same;
Combine TPC from different RLS. Suppose the TPC for RLSi is W
i,
and for
each RLS, if
TPC=0, W
i
=0
TPC=1, W
i
=1
About TPC_cmd = (W
1,
W
2,

W
n
)
If any W
i
is 0, TPC_cmd=-1
If all W
i
are 1, TPC_cmd=1
Page 34
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
10ms/frame
Group 2 Group 1 Group 3

0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
TPC
TPC_CMD
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots
The frequency is 300HZ

Page 35
Only one TPC is received in one time slot. The power control can be done once by
each 5 time slots. Each frame is divided 3 groups with 5 time slots. In the first 4 time
slots, the TPC_cmds are 0, which means the power does not change. In the 5th time
slot, the TPC_cmd can be achieved by the following rules:
If all the TPC are 0, the TPC_cmd is -1 and the transmission will decrease 1dB;
If all the TPC are 1, the TPC_cmd is 1 and the transmission will increase 1dB;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd= 0.
TPC RX TPC_cmd
0000 0 0000 -1
1111 1 0000 1
else 0000 0
Page 36
Combine TPC from same
RLS in each time slot

Calculate TPC_cmd

TPC_CMD=1

TPC_CMD=-1

Otherwise TPC_CMD=0
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS
If 5 TPC are all 1, TPC_temp
i
=1
If 5 TPC are all 0, TPC_tempi=-1
Otherwise, TPC_tempi =0
5 . 0 _
1
1
>
=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
5 . 0 _
1
1
<
=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
Page 37
When UE is in soft handover, the TPC_cmd can be achieved by the
following two steps
First, combine the TPC from a same RLS
N TPCi (i = 1,2......N) can be achieved from N RLSes in each time slot
The N TPC_cmds from different RLS can be achieved by the above
mentioned rules. So the first 4 time slot, the TPC_cmd is 0. And the
each final TPC_cmd is decided in the 5th time slot
Assume the each final TPC_cmd from N RLS are TPC_tempii = 1,2......N
The first 4 time slots, all TPC_tempi = 0
the TPC_cmd in fifth time slot can get by the following ruls
Mathematic average for N TPC_temps. If it is greater than 0.5,
TPC_cmd=1. If it is less than -0.5, TPC_cmd=-1, otherwise TPC_cmd=0
Page 38
RLS1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
RLS2
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
RLS3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
RLS1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
RLS2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
RLS3
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

TPC
TPC_temp
i
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

TPC_CMD

Power is controlled in each 5 time slots
The power control frequency is 300HZ
Page 39
The control frequency
TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz
TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz

When UE is moving with high speed (80Km/h), the fast
inner-loop power control can not catch up with the fast
fading, which produce negative gain. In this situation,
PCA2 is prefered.
Comparison between PCA1 and PCA2
Page 40
Page 41
NodeB
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare SIR
Measure and compare BLER
Outer loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
10-100Hz
1500Hz
Downlink close loop power control
Page 42
Downlink Inner-loop power control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC in each TS
Measure SIR and compare
Adjust Tx power
with 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB
1500Hz
Page 43
Downlink inner-loop power control
Firstly, UE should estimate the downlink DPDCH/DPCCH
power and the current SIR
Then, UE can generate TPC by comparing the estimated
SIR to target SIR
If the estimated SIR is greater than the target one, TPC is 0
(decrease power)
If the estimated SIR is less than the target one, TPC is 1
(increase power)
The step of DL inner-loop power control could be 0.51
1.5 or 2dB
Page 44
When UE is not in soft handover
The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain
of UL channel
When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,
which is decided by DPC_mode:
DPC_MODE0UE will transmit TPC in every slot
DPC_MODE1UE will transmit the same TPC in every three
time slot
When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will
transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the downlink SIR
How to produce TPC
Page 45
The transmission power can not higher than Maximum_DL_Power, and not less than
Minimum_DL_Power neither.
Downlink power adjustment:
P(k) = P(k 1) +P
TPC
(k) +P
bal
(k)
Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment
P
bal
(k) is correction value
How to adjust power
Page 46
Where
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
P
TPC
(k)
Without Limited Power Raise Used
How to adjust power
=
= +
=
0 ) ( TPC if
1 ) ( TPC if
) ( P
est TPC
est TPC
TPC
k
k
k
Page 47
Where
P
TPC
(k)
With Limited Power Raise Used
How to adjust power
=
> A + A =
< A + A =
A
A +
=
0 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
0 ) (
est
est
est
k
k k
k k
k P
TPC sum
TPC sum
TPC
TPC
TPC
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a timer
DL_power_averaging_window_sizetimer for power ramping (TS)
+ =
= A
1
1 _ _ _ _
) ( ) (
k
Size Window Averaging Power DL k i
TPC sum
i P k
Page 48
The inner-loop power control of downlink DPCCH include two typies: one is the
inner-loop power control in compressed mode, the other is the inner-loop power
control in non-compressed mode.
Timeslot structure of Downlink DPCH :
PO1 defines the power offset of the TFCI bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
PO2 defines the power offset of the TPC bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
PO3 defines the power offset of the Pilot bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
The values of PO1PO2 and PO3 are defined by RNC.
1
2
3
Page 49
Downlink Power Balance
Downlink power balance process
SRNC can monitor every single
NodeBs transmission. If SRNC found
the power offset in soft handover is
too much, it will command the DPB
process
The initiation and stop of DPB
The power offset of two RL is greater
than the DPB initial threshold, the
DPB process is initiated
The power offset of two RL is less
than the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped
NodeB
NodeB
Initiate the
DPB process
DPB process
Page 50
Page 51
Outer-loop power control
The limitation of inner loop power control
The purpose of inner loop power control of the WCDMA system is to
maintain a certain signal-to-interference ratio of transmission signal
power when the signals reach the receiving end.
The character of outer-loop power control
The Qos which NAS provide to CN is BLER, not SIR
The relationship between inner-loop power control and outer-loop power control
SIR target should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding correctly.
But different multiple path radio environment request different SIR
Therefore, the outer-loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a stable
BLER in the changeable radio environment
Page 52
Uplink outer loop power control
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Inner-loop
Set SIRtar
get the good quality
service data
Out loop
RNC
Measure received
data and
compare BLER in
the TrCH
Set BLERtar
10-100Hz
Page 53
NodeB
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare BLER
Outer loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
10-100Hz
1500Hz
Downlink outer loop power control
Page 54
outer loop power control
SIR target adjustment step
|
|
.
|
\
|
= A
et BLERt
et BLERt BLERmeas
tep SIRAdjustS oefficient SIRAdjustc SIRtar
arg
arg
* *
Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment step
SirAdjustFactor: Coefficient for outer loop power control
BLER
est
: Estimated BLER
BLER
tar
: Target BLER
Page 55
Outer loop power control
Uplink outer loop power control command transmit to NodeB
through DCH-FP
Node B SRNC

OUTER LOOP PC
www.huawei.com
Thank You

06 Wcdma Power Control Issue1.1

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