Presentation on E-Waste Management

BY: Harish Mordani PG-11-030 Vikram Phatak PG-11-038 Vishakha Jain PG-11-082

INTRODUCTION

Electronic product made our life easy by saving time and being efficient.
Communication systems have revolutionaries by way of mobile phones. Entertainment product like television and music system have added enjoyment to our life. Electronic product needs to be treated as a hazardous waste.

E-waste can be classified as:

Telecommunication Waste: Mobile phones, Telephones, Telephone exchanges Wireless Equipment cables and related scrap material Electrical Waste: Switches, Relays, Connectors and related Scrap Material.

Electronic Waste: Electronic metal waste, Circuit Boards, E Equipment and Machinery, IC, Sockets Connectors.
Cable Waste: PVC, Pre Insulated Copper and Aluminium Cable waste. Chemical Waste: Chemical Sludge and Residue.

Hazards by E-Waste:

Mercury: found in fluorescent tubes (numerous applications), tilt switches (mechanical doorbells, thermostats), and flat screen monitors. Health effects include sensory impairment, dermatitis, memory loss, and muscle weakness. Environmental effects in animals include death, reduced fertility, slower growth and development. Sulphur: found in lead-acid batteries. Health effects include liver damage, kidney damage, heart damage, eye and throat irritation. When released in to the environment, it can create sulphuric acid. Brominated Flame Retardants : Used as flame retardants in plastics in most electronics. Health effects include impaired development of the nervous system, thyroid problems, liver problems. Environmental effects: similar effects as in animals as humans.

Cadmium: The most common form of cadmium is found in Nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries. When not properly recycled it can leach into the soil, harming microorganisms and disrupting the soil ecosystem. The inhalation of cadmium can cause severe damage to the lungs and is also known to cause kidney damage. Lead: solder, CRT monitor glass, lead-acid batteries, some formulations of PVC. Beryllium oxide: filler in some thermal interface materials such as thermal grease used on heat-sinks for CPUs and power transistors, magnetrons, X-ray-transparent ceramic windows, heat transfer fins in vacuum tubes, and gas lasers. Can cause breathing problem and kidney damage

E-waste in India As per IRG report, India generates about 1,46,180 tons of E-waste every year. This is contributed by both house holds and corporate houses.

E-waste in USA Between 1997 and 2007, nearly 500 million personal computers will be obsolete-almost two computers for each person. 750,000 computers expected to end up in landfills this year alone.

E-Waste comprises of:

Electronic products often contain hazardous and toxic materials that pose environmental risks if they are land filled or incinerated. Televisions, video and computer monitors use cathode ray tubes (CRTs), which have significant amounts of lead. Printed circuit boards contain primarily plastic and copper, and most have small amounts of chromium, lead solder, nickel, and zinc. In addition, many electronic products have batteries that often contain nickel, cadmium, and other heavy metals. Relays and switches in electronics, especially older ones, may contain mercury. Also, capacitors in some types of older and larger equipment that is now entering the waste stream may contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Electronics contain heavy metals, and Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) found in computer monitors and televisions may contain up to 8 lbs of hazardous lead. Reuse is the environmentally preferable option by extending the life of old equipments that defers the pollution and resource consumption associated with in making new products. Reuse provides opportunity, to the underprivileged who cannot afford or have no access to electronic equipment, at reduced or no cost. Electronic equipments which commercially & practically not good for reuse or is broken beyond repair, may be sent for disassembly i.e. salvaging parts, and selling reclaimed materials like ferrous, non ferrous, plastic, glass.

Several electronic equipment, such as computers, monitors, printers, and scanners, contain materials suitable for reclamation and use in new products. These may include plastic, glass, steel, aluminum, copper, gold, silver, and other metals.

Printed Circuit Boards Circuit boards are sent to ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) accredited companies. Here they can be processed in specialised smelters to recover non renewable resources such as copper, gold, silver, palladium and other precious metals. Hard Drives Hard drives, in whole and shredded form, are sent to an aluminium foundry for processing into aluminium ingots. The majority of aluminium ingots are used within the automotive industry. Toner and Ink Cartridges Toner and Ink cartridges are packaged in a sealed box and returned to industry recyclers. Some will be remanufactured into new cartridges, and the remainder that cant be remanufactured will be separated into plastic and metal and returned to the recycle chain as raw materials.

Batteries Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Metal Hydride & Lithium Ion batteries are sent, under our recycling partners special export permit, to SNAM (Socit Nouvelle Daffinage Des Mtaux) a French based company who meets the European Unions strict environmental standards. The material is hulled to remove excess plastic, and then the metals placed in special smelter pots to recover cobalt, cadmium, nickel and steel for reuse in a range of areas such as battery production and stainless steel fabrication. CD ROMs, Sound & Memory cards For copyright and security reasons these products are shredded before being sent to plastic and metal recyclers.

E-waste management & recycling

Equipment refurbishment and resale. De-manufacturing and disassembly. Recovery of valuable components. Hazardous and base metal recovery. Hazardous component management and environment friendly disposal

Flow Chart

SOLUTION OF E-WASTE

workers manually dismantle most electronic equipment and sort out valuable commodities that are sold to various recyclers.

Recycling

The crusher is completely self-contained in a transportable shipping container.

Crushed glass, coated with lead, ready for processing by a lead smelter.

Other components from electronics are separated and sold as commodities to various recyclers.

Benefits From recycling

Conserves natural resources. Recycling recovers valuable materials from old electronics that can be used to make new products. As a result, we save energy, reduce pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and save resources by extracting fewer raw materials from the earth. Protects your surroundings. Safe recycling of outdated electronics promotes sound management of toxic chemicals such as lead and mercury. Helps others. Donating your used electronics benefits your community by passing on ready-to-use or refurbished equipment to those who need it.

Create Jobs. ReCycling creates jobs for professional recyclers and refurbishers and creates new markets for the valuable components that are dismantled. Saves landfill space. E-waste is a growing waste stream. By recycling these items, landfill space is conserved.

Each one of us has a role to play!

Need for a e-waste policy and legislation Encourage and facilitate organized recycling systems Should subsidies recycling and disposal industries Collect fee from manufactured/consumers for the disposal of toxic material Incentive schemes for garbage collectors and general public for collecting and handling over e-waste Awareness programme on e-waste for school children and general public

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