Cerebrum- For sense perception, voluntary movements, learning, remembering, thinking, emotion, consciousness and personality integration.

Hypothalamus- Control of visceral and somatic function as temperature and metabolism.

Thalamus- The way station for impulses coming up the spinal cord to the cerebrum. Midbrain- A conduction and switching center; pupillary light reflex. Cerebellum For muscle tone, body balance, coordination of voluntary movement( as of fingers and thumb).

 Medulla- Has control over breathing,

swallowing, digestion, heartbeat.

Reticular

alertness f the organism, the change from sleep to wakefulness.

Formation- For the arousal and

Corpus

connecting the brain hemisphere.

Callosum- Contains fibers

1. Motor Area (in front of the fissure of Rolando). Movements on the right side of the body originate thru stimulation of the left hemisphere. 2. Body sense Area-( in the parietal lobe) The lower extremities are represented high on the area of the opposite hemisphere.

3. Visual Area-( in the occipital lobe)

Damage in the left hemisphere will result in the blind areas in the left side of both eyes.
4. Auditory Area- Both ears are totally

represented on both sides so that loss of one temporal lobe has very little effect on hearing.
5. Speech Area- The motor-speech area(

Brocas speech area) controls the tongue and jaws. It is located in the right hemisphere of the left handed persons and vice versa.

6. Association Areas- (areas of the brain not accounted for) Bring together phenomena involving more than one sense. 7. Smell Area- Just below the frontal-near the temporal lobe.

8. Taste Area: Located behind the central fissure at the lower part of the side of the brain.

It is composed of the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and the nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

Cranial Nerves: There are twelve pairs of

cranial nerves made up of sensory, motor, and mixed nerves. Motor nerves

arise from cell bodies within the brain; sensory nerves arise from cell bodies outside the brain.

 Spinal

Nerves- There are thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves.

8 pairs neck( cervical) 12 pairs thoracic 5 pairs lumbar 5 pairs sacral 1 pair coccygeal

Frontal Lobe
The Frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as reasoning, problem solving, judgment, impulse control.

The Parietal Lobe

The Parietal Lobe is involved in processing pain and touch sensation.

Temporal Lobe
The Temporal Lobe is involved in auditory (sound) sensation and is where the Primary Auditory Cortex and on the left hemisphere. This lobe is also involved in emotion, memory and speech.

The Occipital Lobe

The Occipital Lobe controls visual sensation and processing. The Visual Cortex is resides here.

Broca's Area
This part of the cortex controls speech, language recognition and facial nerves.

The Corpus Callosum

This is the neural bridge that connects the two hemispheres to each other, located centrally in brain.

Functional Disorders include migraine and neuralgia. 1. Infection due to bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, etc. 2. Tumors 3. Hereditary disorders like Huntingtons chorea. 4. Degenerative diseases like arteriosclerosis, syphilis, multiple sclerosis.

5. Congenital abnormalities as cerebral palsy, hydrocephaly. 6. Convulsive disorders as epilepsy.

7. Poisons and toxins as arsenic, lead, sulphur, and thallium; snake venum.

8. Reflex disorders like hiccup, neuralgia, tetanus, rabies.

- is a degenerative brain disorder named after Alois Alzheimer, a German neurologist, and is a cruel, incurable disease killing a person twice- first in the brain and then his body.

1. Tangles and Plaques: It was discovered that the neorifibrillary tangles consist mostly of minute thread-shaped, with a double helix called PHF or paired helical filaments. 2. Hippocampus Blockage- If the input or output to the hippocampus are blocked, the brain will not be able to acquire new memories.

3. Reduced RNA- It was shown that the brain requirements in Alzheimers where plaques and tangles are numerous showed a reduction in RNA and protein synthesis.

4. Genetics 5. Slow viruses 6. Interlocking causes-caused by genes, viruses or toxins.

1. They use drugs to raise the level of this neurotransmitter. The most effective is physostigmine that raises the level of acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme action that normally removes it from the brain. 2. Small pump is implanted under the skin of the abdomen. Then a catheter inserts acetylcholine drug called bethanechol thru a hole in the skull and is continuously flowed directly into the brains ventricles.

Alcoholism, a chronic illness involving the excessive ingestion of alcohol. It is characterized by an emotional and often physical dependence on alcohol, and it frequently leads to brain damage or early death. Amnesia, loss of memory. It may be caused by brain injury or cerebral arteriosclerosis, or by functional nervous disorders, such as hysteria.

 Autism

, is a disorder that impairs development of a persons ability to communicate, interact with other people, and maintain normal every- day activities. of the Brain, injury to the brain from a fall or a blow to the head, usually with loss of consciousness.

Concussion

Epilepsy,

called seizure disorder. It is a brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain.

 Fainting,

dizziness or weakness accompanied by brief loss of consciousness, associated with insufficient oxygen in the brain. pain in any part of the head.The majority of headaches belong to one of three main groups: migraine, a recurrent, severe headache. Some headaches can be accompanied by nausea and sometimes loss or impaired vision.

Headache,

 Mental

Retardation, disorder in which a persons overall intellectual functioning is well below average, with an intelligence of around 70 or less.
is damage to the brain from blockage in blood flow and loss of blood from blood vessels in the brain.

Stroke,