Classification Calcium Channel Blockers amlodipine (Norvasc) PO/IV

Indications Angina Pectoris Hypertension Atrial Fibrillation Atherosclerosis Tachycardia

Contraindications Allergy Digoxin use (increases serum digoxin levels) -blocker use (additive effects to both medications)

Mechanism of Action Dilates and relaxes arterial muscle, decreases blood pressure and heart rate, thus decreasing cardiac workload

Adverse Effects Hypotension Bradycardia Nausea Headache Dizziness

Nursing Considerations Thorough cardiovascular assessment is required prior to administration immediate release forms have a very short duration and require frequent administration

Classification Proton Pump Inhibitors pantoprazole

Indications Gastritis Short term GERD Confirmed gastric or duodenal ulcers Erosive esophagitis Adverse Effects Generally well tolerated Concerns over long term use gastric tumors observed in animals Omeprazaole has some drug interactions

Contraindications Known drug allergy

Mechanism of Action Drugs bind to and inhibit the proton pump that secretes HCl into the stomach leads to a reduction in gastric acid secretion

Nursing Considerations Caution should be used with patients with a history of liver disease as this may prolong drug t1/2 Patients taking both a PPI and H2 antagonist must take them far apart Long term use of PPI and H2 antagonists results in reduced vit B12 levels Drugs must be taken 30 min before large meal

Classification

Indications

Contraindications Allergy Bleeding disorders Peptic ulcer disease Liver disease

Nonsteroidal AntiMSK Pain Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) Soft Tissue Injuries Rheudmatoid arthritis osteoarthritis acetylsalicylic acid, ASA (Aspirin)[

Novasen
PO

Mechanism of Action Inhibit pain mediators (histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, etc.)

Adverse Effects Nausea Pyrosis Abdominal pain Gastrointestinal bleeding Tinnitus

Nursing Considerations
Take medication with food and fluids to avoid GI effects ASA not used in children (maybe cause Reyes syndrome) Long-term use of COX-1 increases GI bleeding COX-2 are preferred to avoid GI bleeding

Classification Latanoprost Xalatan

Indications Antiglucoma drug

Contraindications Allergy Hypoglycemia Some antacids Iodine containing contrast mediums Nursing Considerations Pregnancy risk Dont let the tip of dispenser get in contact with eye or surrounding tissue. Aplly light pressure on lacrimal sac for a minute.

Mechanism of Action inc. aqueous humor thus lowering IOP intraocular pressure.

Adverse Effects

Classification Simvastin antilipemics

Indications Reduce the risk of death from CV To reduce total and LDL cholesterol in patients

Contraindications Allergy Hypoglycemia Some antacids Iodine containing contrast mediums Nursing Considerations Strict diet with restricted saturated fat Obtain liver function test results at start of therapy and periodically.

Mechanism of Action

Adverse Effects

Inhibits HMG-CoA an early Asthenia step in cholestrol biosynthesis. Headache Syspepsia Upper respiratory tract infection.

Classification

Indications
Short term treatment of constipation Bowel or rectal preparation for surgery

Contraindications
Hypersenstivity Rectal fissures Abd pain N/V Pregnancy

lactulose
Laxative PO 10-20 mg

Mechanism of Action

Adverse Effects
Muscle weakness N/V/D Anorexia Cramps Rectal burning Hypokalemia Tetany

Nursing Considerations
Blood, urine electrolyte is produced if used too often I & O to identify fluid loss Cramping, rectal bleeding, or N/V happens often discontinue the medication.

Produced an osmotic effect in intestine resulting in distention promotes peristalsis, also dec. ammonia as a result of bacterial degradation. Lowering the PH of intestine.