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Circulation
Liberation
Circulator
Liberalize
Circulatory
Libertine
relate
reduce deduce
collate
conduce
translate
General tendency
The core vocabulary of English is generally composed of words of AngloSaxon origin There is a general tendency for core elements to be free morphemes E.g. Hand Hand-y, hand-le, hand-ful, mis-hand-le,
Fast-er, Sing-ing, Open-ed, Car-s, Write-s, Big-gest These affixes do not change the word class (verb, noun etc.), but rather contribute to meeting grammatical constraints. These are called: Inflectional morphemes
Treat-ment Rude-ness Un-kind Red-dish Fam-ous Use-less Help-ful Ir-regular These affixes do not necessarily change the class of the word, but this is normally the case, e.g. fame (n.)> famous (adj.) Since these words derive from others these morphemes are called: Derivational morphemes
Derivational morphemes
Far more numerous than inflectional morphemes Allow productivity (involved in the coining of new words) Can be prefixes, or suffixes, not circumfixes Suffixes usually, but not always, change word class Prefixes, usually dont
Age, Bag, Care, Cease, Cheer, Child, Colour, Cup, Defence, Delight, Effort, End, Fate, Friend, Help, Hope, Penny, Play, Spoon, Tact , Taste , Use,
-ful/less
Care Use Cheer Colour Help Taste Hope Tact
Only -ful
Fate Spoon Delight Bag Play Cup
Only -less
Friend Age Cease Child Defence End Effort Penny
Tree diagrams
Label the boxes in the diagram
Greed >
Greedy >
Greediness
By changing the word class of a given word: this process is called conversion
Bottle > to bottle; to call > a call;
Acronyms - North Atlantic Treaty Organization > NATO; Absent without leave > AWOL; Personal Identification Number > PIN
We can also find multiple processes e.g. Camera > web camera (Compounding) > webcam (Truncation) Ball > snowball (Compounding) > to snowball (Conversion)