DEFINITION

Green Chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products . GREEN CHEMISTRY IS ABOUT
Waste Minimisation at Source Use of Catalysts in place of Reagents Using Non-Toxic Reagents Use of Renewable Resources

Green Chemistry Is About...

WASTE MATERIALS HAZARDS RISKS

Energy Cost

1. Prevention of Waste
o o o

It has been a common practice to dump waste on : Land Water Air. This resulted in soil, water and air pollution. Green Chemistry is involved to design chemical synthesis in such a way that the process involves pathway to give products, leaving no waste or cleanup.

Prevention is better than the cure.

It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed

Chemical Process

2. Atom Economy
New processes should be designed such that most of the starting material gets converted into useful products. This is called as maximum atom economy

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

The synthetic method should be designed to generate substances having little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
Eg :Synthesis of Indigo Traditional way from Aniline o Inflammable, carcinogenic, organic solvent Green way from Amino acid L-Tryptophan o Non-toxic, safe & easy for use!!!

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

Chemical

products should be designed such that they break down to innocuous substances after use so that they do not accumulate in the environment Eg: Biological insecticides instead of traditional DDT, biodegradable plastics containing cellulose

5.Safer Solvents & Auxillaries

The use of auxillary substances like solvents, separating agents, etc. should be made unnecessary where ever possible and innocuous when used. Eg. For dry cleaning the fabrics, toxic solvents like perchloroethlyene was used, which is replaced during recent years by liquid CO2

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible, and innocuous when used

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

o o o

The aim of Green Chemistry is to increase Energy Efficiency It can be achieved by: Use of Catalyst By stopping the use of Fossil fuels By stopping the use of Gaseous fuels The Energy Efficiency of process can be increased by Proper heat transfer Minimal wastage of energy during the process.

7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks

The raw materials should be renewable rather than depleting where ever tec technically and economically feasible. Eg:synthesis of adipic acid.

A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practical
Non-renewable Renewable

8. Reduce Derivatives
The uses of derivatives increases the steps of
the process Additional reagents are required Eg. Synthesis of Ibuprofen where traditional pathway larger steps are involved having low atom economy whereas the greener way is more efficient.

Classic Route to Ibuprofen

HCl, AcOH, Al Waste HCl AcOH Ac2O AlCl3
COCH3

ClCH2CO2Et NaOEt

H2O / H+

EtO2C

OHC

NH2OH

H2O / H+

N HO2C

OHN

NH3

Hoechst Route To Ibuprofen

AcO H

HF Ac2O

H2 / Ni

CO, Pd

HO

HO2C

9.Increase use of catalyst

Catalyst facilitates transformation without it being involved Leads to better utilization of starting material and minimum wastage Reactions become faster Increases energy efficency

10.DEGRADDABLE PRODUCTS

Design should be for proiper disposal of items Product after its use should break into NON-TOXIC substances EG: use of: biodegradable plastics having cellulose Biological pesticides to protect crops

11.NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS

Technique should be designed to reduce
use of chemicals Placement of accurate sensor to monitor generation of hazards during product formation Eg: Preparation of ethylene glycol, in which if
reaction conditions are not monitored, toxic substances are produced at higher temperature

12.ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Substances used should minimize potential for chemical releases,accidents,explosions and fire. Use of safer chemicals. minimizing temperature and pressure helps in reducing potential of accidents

EXAMPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY

1. BIODISEL PREPARATION
OBTAINED BY NATURAL SUBSTANCES OBTAINED BY TRANSESTERIFICATION
REACTION USED AS A FUEL BY MIXING WITH DISEL GLCEROL OBTAINED DURING TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION CAN BE CONVERTED INTO PROPAN-1,2DIOL,WHICH IS USED AS AUTOMOBILE ANTIFREEZE

2.SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
Acts as an intermediate between liquid and gaseous phase Has solvent properties like liquid and penetration properties like
gases APPLICATIONS: Extraction process Paint and varnish industry In nano-electronics replaces ulta high purity water(eg:SCCO2) To prepare teflon(eg:SCCO2) Pharmaceutical industry Petrochemical industry Environmental product Supercritical fluids combine properties of gases and liquids, which offer a range of applications in synthetically and analytical chemistry

SOME OTHER APLLICATIONS

Palm,coconut,soya oils etc used to produce fatty acids,gycerol,etc Production of adipic acid from glucose Biorefineries :1.used to separate biomass into liquid and solid extract 2.Produce plastic from corn DMC(dimethyl carbonate) used as methylating agent due to its good selectivity

GREEN SOLVENTS: SCF Water Ionic liquid Ethyl lactate Green fuel(Biodisel) Biocatalysts Mining Food industry Electronic industry Paper and textile industry

Credits:

Aditya Iyer Harshita Kotian Khushboo Sharma Jinesh Kachhara Viraj Manjrekar Mayur shardul