DIRECT INDIRECT

..SPEECH..

DIRECT~INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported Speech. Direct and indirect speech digunakan untuk mengatakan/menceritakan kembali apa yang dikatakan seseorang kepada orang lain. Dalam Direct Speech/Kalimat Langsung kita mengulang kembali persis seperti apa yang dikatakan seseorang/apa yang kita dengar dengan tidak mengubah satu katapun.Misalnya: My sister said: I have lost my money. Dalam Direct Speech, ucapan atau kata-kata yang diulang ditempatkan dalam tanda kutip dengan didahului oleh titik dua sesudah Reporting Verb. Kalimat langsung /Direct Speech biasanya digunakan pada percakapan-percakapan dalam buku-buku, sandiwara, drama, atau kutipan-kutipan. Jika Direct speech di atas diubah ke dalam Indirect Speech akan menjadi: My sister said that she had lost her money.

DIRECT~INDIRECT SPEECH
Berdasarkan contoh, jelas bahwa Simple Past Tense dalam tanda kutip berubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense dalam Indirect Speech. Untuk mengubah Direct Speech ke dalam Indirect Speech yang perlu sekali diperhatikan adalah Reporting Verb dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka dalam Indirrect Speech tidak akan mengalami perubahan Tenses. Yang berubah hanya Pronoun-nya saja.

He says: The first train will arrive early today. He says that the first train will arrive early today.

Jika Reporting Verb-nya dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense, Indirect Speech akan mengalami perubahan tenses sebagai berikut ini. Direct Speech Indirect Speech 1. Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Linda said: I buy my dictionary at the book shop. Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop. 2 .Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous She said: I am doing my English homework. She said that she was doing her English homework. 3 .Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense John said: I have finished doing my reports. John said that he had finished doing his reports. 4 .Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense He said: We have been living here for three years. He said that they had been living there for three years. 5 .Future Tense Past Future Tense Laila said: We will leave for Singapore. Laila said that they would leave for Singapore. 6 .Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Tense He said: I was reading an English novels. He said that he had been reading English novels.

Selain perubahan tense jika Reporting Verb-nya dalam Simple Past Tense, keterangan waktu juga mengalami perubahan sebagai berikut ini.:

Direct to Indirect 1 Today That day Father said: Ill be very busy today. Father said that he would be very busy that day. 2 Yesterday The day before He said: I came to your house yesterday. He said that he had come to my house the day before. 3 Tomorrow The following day / the next day He promised: I will return your books tomorrow. He promised that he would return my books the next day. 4 week The following weekNext They said: We will go to your house next week. They said that they would come to my house the following week. 5 Next year The following year She said: I am going to America next year. She said that she was going to America the following year. 6 Last week The previous week He said to me: I bought this dictionary last week. He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week. 7 Last month The previous month John said: My father came back from Japan last month. John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month. 8 The day before yesterday Two days before She said: I sent my application letter the day before yesterday. She said that she had sent her application letter two days before

PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN: Direct : Indirect : Now Then Today That day Tonight That night This week That week Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Last night The night before Last week/year The previous week/year A year ago A year before/The previous year Three years ago Three years before Tomorrow The next day/The following day The day after tomorrow In two days time/The following day Next week/year The following week/year On Sunday On Sunday Here There This book The book This That These Those Over there Over there

PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:

Can May Might Must yang biasa)

Could Might Might Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan

Contoh: The man said, I must mend the wall next week The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week. Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya. The girl said, I must wash my hands before eating The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating. Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam: 1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan that He said, we will go to Singapore tomorrow He said that they would go to Singapore the next day. Bob said, Im a university student Bob said that he was a university student. 2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata to sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. not to dalam perintah negatif. He told me, wait for me ! He told me to wait for him. She told me, dont cheat anymore ! She told me not to cheat anymore. 3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis yes or no question, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether. Ina asked me, Do you really love me? Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her. Mixed type: Contoh: Anton asked me, whats happening to you ? You look so pale Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale. Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan

EXAMPLE DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH :

1. D : She says to her friend, I have been reading I : She says to her friend that he has been reading 2. D : He will say, The girl wasnt ugly I : He will tell them that the girl wasnt ugly 3. D : Reza said, Im very sleepy I : Reza said that he was very sleepy 4. D : He has told you, I am writing I : He has told you that he is writing 5. D : Mother said to her son, study hard I : Mothe advised her son to study hard 6. D : My friend said to me, I dont like football I : My friend said to me that he didnt like football 7. D : She said, I didnt go to campus I : She said that she hadnt gone to campus this morning 8. D : Rikza says, I have seen that movies I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies 9. D : Mother asked her, Dont go there alone I : Mother asked her not to go there alone 10. D : Father asked robi, Dont smoke too much I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

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