TECHNICAL SEMINAR

WATER INJECTION SYSTEM (WIS), EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP)

& PROCESSING OF CRUDE OIL IN THE UPSTREAM SECTOR.

Submitted by : NITIN JOHRI APE (UPSTREAM

DEFINITION: WATER INJECTION FOR PRESSURE MAINTAINANCE

A. B.

A process whereby, fluid is injected into the oil/gas reservoir to either: Supplement the lost energy to the reservoir. To improve the oil/gas recovery characteristics. Why water is selected?

Low compressibility. High density. Viscosity Match (Light oil) Non Explosive Less / no corrosive agent Environment/Media Friendly Easy availability Facilitate efficient displacement.

What are the associated problems ?

Compatibility with already existing water in the reservoir. Injectivity. Surface facility designing. Early and high water production.

An early water injection operation is beneficial as it yields:

Single phase oil flows when the crude is above saturation pressure, Delayed requirement of artificial lift. Below the saturation pressure gas being mobile by pass the oil and result in loss of energy*. *Required to maintenance of pressure around Bubble Point Pressure (Pb).

Designing of water injection patterns:

The objective is to select a system that will ensure maximum possible contact with the crude oil system. The approach is : Converting existing production wells to injection wells. Drilling infill injection wells.

The factors that affect the designing of injection pattern are:

Reservoir heterogeneity and directional permeability Direction of formation fractures Availability of the injection fluid . Desired and anticipated flood life. Maximum oil recovery. Well spacing, productivity, and injectivity

Arrangements

In fluid injection projects four types of well arrangements are used

Irregular injection patterns

Peripheral injection patterns Regular injection patterns Crestal and basal injection patterns

Irregular injection patterns

Where production or injection wells that are not uniformly located.

The region affected by the injection well could be different for every injection well. Suitable for small reservoirs that are developed only for primary production

The region affected by the injection well could be different for very injection well.
With a limited number of wells especially when the economics are marginal. If the field is characterized with large variations in porosity/permeability or faulting.

Peripheral Injection Patterns

Crestal and Basal Injection Patterns

REGULAR FLOOD PATTERNS AND COVERAGE

Direct line drive.

Staggered line drive.

Selection of water source

Water supply constitute part of WF process with respect to source and its supply.
Essential qualification for water source is: Volume Corrosiveness Solid content Scaling tendency The presence of micro organisms and Other foreign matter

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP)

Types of the treating systems

Closed water treating system. Open water treating system Semi closed water treating system

STEP WISE TREATMENT PROCEDURE

The water coming to the surface facilities from the reservoir is primarily treated in a tank with alum. Then the water move to the next tank where a chemical named DOPE (De-Oiler Poly-Electrolyte) is added to this water which facilitates the flocculation of small oil droplets which are then isolated or removed with the help of the skimmer. After this the water moves through a series of sand filter, micro filters and the dissolved air floatation tank . While the treatment of water takes place various chemicals are added to the water for the following purposes:

Sodium Sulphite removes oxygen

A descaling agent named HEDP ( 1-hydroxy di-ethylene phosphoric acid) is also added . To avoid the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms aldehydes or amides are used. Then this water is pumped under high pressure into the injection wells namely, No. 18 and No.35, with the help of booster pumps.

COMPONENTS FOR OIL PROCESSING

PHASE SEPERATION THROUGH VERTICAL SEPARATORS. CHEMICAL DOSING HEATER-TREATER DESALTERS STORAGE TANKS (2 IN NUMBER)

OIL FROM VARIOUS FIELDS

HEADER

STORA GE TANK 1

STORA GE TANK2

C.PUMP

OIL TO REFINERIES

GAS FOR PROCESSING

GAS

OIL TO STORAGE TANKS

VERTICAL SEPARATOR

OIL + WATER

HEATER TREATER

1 2 3

HEATING CHAMBER SETTLING TANK ELECTROLYTIC DEMULSIFICATION

Reciprocating pump

DEMULSIFIER DOSING TANK

ALUM TREATMENT

DOPE TREATMENT

SAND FILTERS

AIR CONDITIONING

TO INJECTION WEL
MICRO FILTERS

THANK YOU