LETS TALK UNITS

g/L grams of solute per 1 litre (L) of solution g/100 g of water grams of solute per 100 g of water ppm parts per million

ppb parts per billion

M (Molarity) moles of solute per litres of solution Concentration - moles of solute per litres of solution

THREE TYPES OF SATURATION

S AT U R AT E D U N S AT U R AT E D S U P E R S AT U R AT E D

A solution that holds the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.

A solution that holds less than the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.

A solution that holds more than maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.

Temperature (degrees Celsius) 0 10 20 30 40 50

Amount of KNO3 (g/100g of water) 10 22 35 50 67 89

60
70

112
140

SOLUBILITY CURVES
The line represents a saturated solution.

Anything under the line at a given temperature thus represents An unsaturated solution!
Anything above the line at a given temperature thus represents... A supersaturated solution!

USING THE CURVE

What is the solubility of potassium nitrate, KNO3, at 44C?

Find 44C on the X-axis.

Look upwards to the KNO3 line. Find the solubility from the Y-axis! Answer: 72 g/100g of water

USING THE CURVE

A solution contains 5.2 g of potassium nitrate, KNO3, dissolved in 10 g of water at 40C. What amount of KNO3 would be required to saturate this solution? Calculate how much solute is in 100mL of water

(5.2 g in 10 g) x 10 =
52 g in 100 g Find 40C on the x-axis Determine location of 52 g in relation to the line. Its below the line, thus unsaturated. Find amount of solute needed to saturate. Approximately 12 more grams Convert back to original units 12g / 10 = 1.2 g Answer: This solution would require 1.2 g of solute to be saturated

USING THE CURVE

A solution contains 33 g of KNO3/30 g of water at 72C. How much must this solution be cooled to saturate the solution? Convert to correct units. (33 g in 30 g) x 3.33 = 110 g in 100 g Find 110 g on the y-axis. Find the temperature at which KNO3 is saturated in 100 g of water.

Subtract from original temperature.

72C - 60C = 12C Answer: This solution would need to cool 12C to 60C.

LAB NEXT CLASS!

My expectations of you during this lab will be much like the expectations of a University level lab. No open toed shoes No loose fitting clothing Long hair will be tied back Avoid wearing contact lenses Goggles will be worn You will be graded on your lab performance skills. What does this mean? Dangerous behavior Disrespecting the equipment and others Leaving a mess afterwards