Pengantar: Tinjauan Membran Sel

15 October 2012

The Cell Membrane

Cell Membrane:
At Very High Magnification & in color

Membrane Structure

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html

Protein membran
Integral: embedded within bilayer Peripheral: reside outside hydrophobic region of lipids

Protein membran. cont.

Text pg 80

How to get other molecules across membranes??

Mekanisme transport membran

I. Passive Transport

Difusi- perpindahan substansi (molekul) dengan

turunnya gradien konsentrasi dari daerah dengan konsentrasi molekul tinggi ke daerah konsentrasi rendah

Difusi terfasilitasi- tipe passive transport yg

menggunakan bantuan transport proteins/ carrier proteins
Menggunakan bantuan ATP

II. Active Transport

The membrane lipid barrier: Passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
Concentration gradient up, diffusion up Molecule lipid solubility up, diffusion up Molecular size up, diffusion down Molecule electrically charged, diffusion blocked

 Transport proteins Transports molecules or ions across biological membranes 3 types of transport proteins: 1. uniport 2. symport

3. antiport

UNIPORT

SYMPORT

ANTIPORT

Uniport Transport Protein

Carries a single solute across the membrane extracellular fluid intracellular fluid

Ex: Transporter glukosa GLUT1; Transporter GABA; Transporter kolin

Symport Transport Protein

Translocate 2 different solutes simultaneously in same direction.

extracellular fluid

intracellular fluid

Ex: simport glucose Na+; simport Na+/Cl-

Antiport Transport Protein EXCHANGER (Countertransporter)

Exchanges 2 solutes by transporting them in opposite directions. extracellular fluid intracellular fluid

Ex: ADP/ATP Exchanger; diffusion anion antiporter in red blood cells

Membrane Transport Mechanisms II. Active Transport

Active transport- The movement of molecules (small or large) across the plasma membrane & against concentration gradient in which energy (ATP, PEP, light energy, electron transport) is required.

Examples: ATP-powered Ion pump

1. Sodium (Na) - Potassium (K) Pump Na+/K+ ATPase 2. Pump Ca2+ 3. K+/H+ ATPase di sel parietal lambung

Sodium-Potassium Pump
The mechanism that uses energy (active transport) released from splitting ATP to transport Sodium (Na+) out of and Potassium (K+) into cells.

The Na+ - K+ pump cycle

HOW THE MECHANISM??

The glucose uniporter transports glucose across membranes

Ligand (glucose) binding flips the transporter to a different conformation (changes shape) The new conformation releases glucose on the other side of the membrane Release allows it to flip back to repeat the cycle

Glucose Transporter: How it works..(on the other scheme)

glucose binds to outside of transporter (exterior side with higher glucose conc.) glucose binding causes a conform. change in protein glucose drops off inside cell protein reassumes 1st configuration

How carrier proteins change conformation

The ligand binding site is exposed on the upper membrane surface

The folding pattern flips to a different position

The ligand binding site is now exposed on the lower membrane surface

Without the ligand bound, conformation returns to the first state

The carrier is now ready to transport another molecule

Facilitated diffusion anion antiporter in red blood cells (RBC)

Multipass protein that binds to spectrin Exchanges Cl- for HCO3 Important for transporting CO2 to the lungs

Facilitated diffusion anion antiporter in red blood cells

When the bicarbonate diffusion gradient is reversed, the process reverses

Why HCO3- for CO2? Why antiport Cl-?

Contoh obat: - Tiazid : simport Na+/Cl- pada Tubulus distal - Furosemid: simport Na+/K+/2Cl- pada Loop Henle

THE NEPHRON
Glomerulus Bowmans capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle: descending, ascending Distal convoluted tubule collect. tubule

Mekanisme Omeprazole