Fisiologia do Sistema Endcrino

Regulao endcrina da Calcemia

Profa. Adjunto do Depto. Cincias Fisiolgicas-CCB-UFSC Como citar este documento: PINTO, Cristina Maria Henrique. Fisiologia Humana: Endocrinofisiologia. Disponvel em: <http://www.cristina.prof.ufsc.br>. Acesso em: coloque a data aqui

ESQUEMAS PARA FACILITAR O ESTUDO E O ACOMPANHAMENTO DE MINHAS AULAS

Bibliografia recomendada Livros-textos: Fisiologia Costanzo, 2007, 3 Ed. (Ed. Elsevier) Fundamentos de Fisiologia, Berne et al, 2006, 4 Ed.(Ed. Elsevier) Berne & Levy: Fisiologia Koeppen & Stanton, 2009, 6 Ed. (Ed. Elsevier) Fisiologia Berne et al., 2004, 5 Ed. (Ed. Elsevier) Tratado de Fisiologia Mdica Guyton & Hall, 2006, 11 Ed. (Ed. Elsevier) Fisiologia Aires, M. M., 2008, 3 Ed. (Ed. Guanabara Koogan) Fisiologia: texto e atlas Despopoulos e Silbernagl, 2003 (Ed. Artmed)

AS FIGURAS AQUI UTILIZADAS FORAM RETIRADAS DE WEBSITES E, QUANDO POSSVEL, SO SEGUIDAS PELO ENDEREO NA INTERNET. PARA CONSULTA A TEXTOS E OUTROS RECURSOS ONLINE, VEJA EM: http://www.cristina.prof.ufsc.br

PRESERVE O DIREITO AUTORAL CITANDO A FONTE.

Fisiologia do Sistema Endcrino

REGULAO ENDCRINA DA CALCEMIA (nveis plasmticos de clcio)

Hormnios: Paratireoideano (PTH) Calcitriol e Calcitonina

rgos e mecanismos envolvidos na regulao da Calcemia (nveis de clcio no sangue)

Os nmeros referem-se aos nveis da clcio dirios em humanos. Repare o balano entre a ingesto e a excreo de clcio assim como para a remoo e reposio de clcio nos ossos (remodelagem ssea). Fig. 42-1 Berne et al., 2004

Viso geral do intercmbio de clcio...

... entre diferentes compartimentos teciduais em uma pessoa com ingesto de 1.000mg de Clcio por dia. Grande parte do clcio ingerido normalmente eliminada pelas fezes, embora os rins tenham a capacidade de excretar quantidades abundantes de clcio por meio da reduo. Guyton e Hall, 2006

rgos e hormnios envolvidos na regulao da calcemia

http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/silverthorn2/

Glndulas Paratireides Secreo de Paratormnio

Paratireides Paratormnio (PTH)

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/Study%20Guides/APII%20Endocrine%20Glands.htm

Regulao da calcemia pelo Paratormnio (PTH)

http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/silverthorn2/

Regulao da calcemia pelo Calcitriol

http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/silverthorn2/

Biossntese do Calcitriol
(Hormnio derivado da Vitamina D ou 1,25(OH)2-Vitamina D)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in various forms. Some forms are relatively inactive in the body, and have limited ability to function as a vitamin. Exposure to sunlight is an important source of vitamin D. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight trigger vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The liver and kidney help convert vitamin D to its active hormone form, also called CALCITRIOL.

+ PTH

+ PTH

Dietary Sources. Only a few foods naturally contain significant amounts of vitamin D, including fatty fish and fish oils. Other dietary sources include fortified milk and margarine, liver, butter, cream and egg yolks.
Veja mais em: http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/calcium.html

Regulao da calcemia pela Calcitonina

Parafollicular cells are also called "C cells".

They are found in the interstitial spaces outside the thyroid follicles in the middle third of the lateral lobes. As all endocrine cells, they lie next to capillaries so they can secrete their hormone into the bloodstream.

The hormone they produce is "CALCITONIN". They respond to high blood levels of calcium. When calcium levels are too high, they secrete calcitonin and this hormone inhibits osteoclastic activity. What is the function of osteoclasts? Osteoclastic activity releases calcium that goes into the blood stream for use by the cells in the body. How does it do this?

Veja em: http://www.cytochemistry.net/Endocrine_System/thyroid_and_parathyroid.htm#Locate

Alguns conceitos sobre fisiologia do tecido sseo

Remodelagem ssea

extrado, quando disponvel, de: http://www.medes.fr/Eristo/Osteoporosis/BoneRemodeling.html

Remodelagem ssea

Process of bone remodeling. Signals carried by canalicular and syncytial routes from interior osteocytes, and endocrine signals to resting osteoblasts and lining cells generate local paracrine cytokine signals to nearby osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. Osteoclasts also recruit their own precursors by paracrine signals. The osteoclasts resorb an area of mineralized bone, and local macrophages complete the clean-up of dissolved elements. The process then reverses to formation as osteoblast precursors are recruited to the site and differentiate into active osteoblasts. These lay down new organic matrix and mineralize it. Thus, new bone replaces the previously resorbed mature bone. Levy et al., 2006

AS CLULAS ENVOLVIDAS NA REMODELAGEM SSEA

Progenitoras da matriz ssea

precursor de osteoblastos

precursor de osteoclastos

Osteoblastos iniciam a formao ssea

Osteoblastos Formao de osso novo Osteoclasto Resoro ssea

Ostecito
Development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts from bone marrow progenitors. Factors affecting the development and function of these cells, bone resorption by osteoclast and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Abbreviations: GH: growth hormone, IGF: insulin like growth factors,PTH: parathyroid hormone Valsamis et al. 2006. http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/36#

AS CLULAS ENVOLVIDAS NA REMODELAGEM SSEA

Progenitoras da matriz ssea

precursor de osteoblastos

precursor de osteoclastos

ostecitos monitoram estresse mecnico sseo Osteoblastos Formao de osso novo Osteoclasto Resoro ssea

Ostecito
Development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts from bone marrow progenitors. Factors affecting the development and function of these cells, bone resorption by osteoclast and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Abbreviations: GH: growth hormone, IGF: insulin like growth factors,PTH: parathyroid hormone Valsamis et al. 2006. http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/36

AS CLULAS ENVOLVIDAS NA REMODELAGEM SSEA

Progenitoras da matriz ssea

precursor de osteoblastos

precursor de osteoclastos

osteoclastos reabsorvem osso

Osteoblastos Formao de osso novo

Osteoclasto Resoro ssea

Ostecito

Development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts from bone marrow progenitors. Factors affecting the development and function of these cells, bone resorption by osteoclast and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Abbreviations: GH: growth hormone, IGF: insulin

As clulas no microambiente sseo

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

Formao e resoro ssea

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

O ciclo da remodelagem ssea

Two main types of cells are responsible for bone renewal: the osteoblasts involved in bone formation and the osteoclasts involved in bone resorption. Activation: Preosteoclasts are stimulated and differentiated under the influence of cytokine and growth factors to mature into active osteoclasts. Resorption: Osteoclasts digest mineral matrix, old bone. Reversal: End of resorption Formation: Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix synthesis (collagen). Two other non-collagenous proteins are also formed: ostocalcin and osteonectin.

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.medes.fr/Eristo/Osteoporosis/BoneRemodeling.html

O ciclo da remodelagem ssea

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

Porque ocorre a remodelagem ssea?

extrado, quando disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

Remodelagem ssea e regulao da massa ssea

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

Efeito da idade na massa ssea e risco de ocorrncia de fraturas

http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/36 Decrease in peak bone mass with age and increase in fracture risk with increasing age. Valsamis et al, 2006

Osso e regulao da homeostase do clcio

extrado, enquanto disponvel, de: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine_therapeutics

OS HORMNIOS REGULADORES DA REMODELAGEM SSEA

Progenitoras da matriz ssea

precursor de osteoblastos
Glicocorticides

precursor de osteoclastos Estrgenos Calcitonina Tiroxina Vitamina A Osteoclasto Resoro ssea

Estrgenos Andrgenos GH/IGF-1

1,25 OHD PTH

Osteoblastos Formao de osso novo

Ostecito
Development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts from bone marrow progenitors. Factors affecting the development and function of these cells, bone resorption by osteoclast and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Abbreviations: GH: growth hormone, IGF: insulin like growth factors, PTH: parathyroid hormone. Valsamis et al. 2006. http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/36#

Remodelagem ssea
Conhea este WEBsite que possui vrias animaes muito interessantes, alm de textos: http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/physremod.html

Deficincia na infncia de Vitamina D/Calcitriol causa o Raquitismo

Raquitismo: Raquitismo uma doena do metabolismo da Vitamina D, vital para a mineralizao ssea. Deficincia de Vitamina D na dieta a forma mais comum de raquitismo mas tambm pode ser devido a alteraes genticas que afetam os vrios aspectos do metabolismo da Vitamina D. Veja mais em: http://www.pediatric-orthopedics.com/Topics/Bow_Legs/bow_legs.html

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