4 th EEE

4 th EEE

College

This topic concerns optimization and

coordination of the conventional FACTS damping controllers in multimachine power system.
controller are optimized. Then, a hybrid fuzzy logic controller for the coordination of FACTS controllers is presented.

ABSTRACT

Firstly, the parameters of FACTS

This coordination method is well suitable to series

connected FACTS devices like UPFC etc., in damping multimodel oscillations ,in multi machine power systems.
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Contents
Introduction Definition and Objectives UPFC Model Control Schme

Damping controller POD controller

Fuzzy logic controller
Fuzzification Interface Defuzzification

Simulation and Results

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, FACTS devices can be used to control the

power flow and enhance system stability. The problems which are arised due to interconnections are avoided by using FACTS devices . The need of FACTS devices are to increase the power transmission capability .

Modern electrical power systems have grown to a large complexity due to increasing interconnections, installation of large generating units and extra-high voltage tie-lines etc. power transmitting in the line is given by
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DEFINITION OF FACTS:
systems incorporating power electronic based and other static controllers to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability .

Alternating current transmission

FACTS devices are classified as 1. Series connected controllers 2. Shunt connected controllers 3. Series -Series connected controllers 4. Series Shunt connected controllers

Depending up on the connections,

Objectives of FACTS Controller

FACTS Application, CPTI

Solve Power Transfer Limit and Stability problems

Voltage Limit Power Transfer Limit Thermal Limit

Small signal Stability

Stability Limit

Transiet Stability

Voltage Stability

Types of FACTS Controller

FACTS Shunt
SVC STATCOM

FACTS Application, CPTI

Series
TCSC

Series-Shunt

Series-Series
IPFC

UPFC

Unified Power Flow Controller The UPFC is the most versatile and powerful FACTS device .The parameters in the transmission line, i.e. line impedance, terminal voltages, and voltage angle can be controlled by UPFC. It is used for independent control of real and reactive power in transmission lines. The UPFC can be used for voltage support and damping of electromechanical oscillations.

UPFC Model (UPFC Theory)

The UPFC has several operating modes.

1)VAR control mode: The reference input is an inductive or capacitive Var request; 2) Automatic voltage control mode: The goal is to maintain the transmission line voltage at the connection point to a reference value.

By control of series voltage, UPFC

can be operated in 4 different ways
1) Direct voltage injection mode 2) Phase angle shifter emulation mode 3) Line impedance emulation mode: 4) Automatic power flow control mode

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The mathematical model of UPFC for the dynamic simulation

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 Traditional FACTS Damping Control Scheme

CONTROL SCHEME

For damping of the subsequent swings, UPFC will be operated in the direct voltage injection mode.

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POD(POWER OSCILLATION DAMPING)CONTROLLER

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

In fuzzy logic theory the answer may not be a definite yes" or no". Considering the degree a variety of answers spanning a range could be generated In fuzzy set theory, many degrees of membership between 0 and 1 are allowed. The shape of membership functions are triangular, trapezoidal and bell shaped. The membership function lies in-between 0 and 1

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 The value 0 represents complete nonmembership and 1 represents complete membership and values in between represent intermediate degree of membership Out of all membership functions triangular membership function is most popular
Basic Fuzzification Process
RULE BASE Crisp Output FUZZIFIER Crisp Input
FUZZY INFERENCE DE-FUZZIFIER

Fuzzy Input Signal

Fuzzy Output Signal

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FUZZIFIER - Converts crisp input into fuzzy input. RULE BASE A collection of rules referring to

particular system is known as fuzzy rule base. FUZZY INFERENCE It refers to computational procedures used for evaluating linguistic descriptions and fuzzy rule basic is applied and fuzzy output is produced.

DE-FUZZIFICATION Conversion of fuzzy set to

single crisp value. Centroid method is employed for de-fuzzification

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Fuzzy Logic Coordinated Controller Design

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Fuzzification

The membership function of the small set is:

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The big set membership function is:

The medium set membership function is:

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Inference
.

To determine the degree of memberships for output variables the Min-Max inference is applied. Both of the two UPFC controllers use the same inference system.

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Defuzzification

The output of the fuzzy coordination controller is

where i u corresponds to the value of control output for which the membership values in the output sets are equal to unity.
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SIMULATION AND RESULTS

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Parameter optimization

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Simulation in multi-machine system

Case 1: Three-phase fault at Bus 2

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Case 2: Changing of operation conditions (Three-phase fault at Bus 3)

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Case 3: Changing of network parameters (Three-phase fault at Bus 9)

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CONCLUSION
The performance of the proposed method is simulated over a wide range of operating conditions . The paper presents a new fuzzy-coordination controller for the FACTS devices in a multimachine power system to damp the electromechanical oscillations. The fuzzy coordination controller is designed based on the conventional POD controllers. .
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REFERENCES:
HVDC Transmission and distribution systems by

Gupta, V. Sitnikov, W. Breuer, D. Pavh, D. Retzmann, E. Teltsch, benefits of Power electronics for Transmission Enhancement Load-Flow Analysis with Respect to a possible synchronous Interconnection of Networks of UCTE and IPS/UPS.
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QUERIES?