Light and Sound

In this unit:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Properties of light Reflection Colors Refraction Properties of sound Hearing

What is light?
. !!!!!!!!
, , .

Part 1
: How does the following experiment prove this??????

Laser

Shadows
Shadows are places where the straight lines of light are blocked:
Rays of light

Light travels VERY FAST around 300,000 kilometers per second.

At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

Light travels much faster than sound. For example:

1) Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.

2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the blast first and then hear the bang.

We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:

Homework

Luminous and non-luminous objects

A luminous object is one that produces light. A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects Reflectors

Properties of Light summary

1) Light travels in straight lines 2) Light travels much faster than sound 3) We only see things because they reflect light into our eyes 4) Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object 5) Light is a form of energy like heat and electricity

Part 2 - Reflection
Reflection from a mirror: What do you notice about where the mirror puts the light you shine into it?
Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray

Angle of incidence

Angle of reflection

Mirror

The Law of Reflection

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.

The same !!!

Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection

Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:

Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when

light is scattered in different directions

Absorbing Light
Stopping light is called absorption. When light hits most objects, some of the light bounces off and the rest is absorbed. Smooth shiny objects reflect most of the light. Dull objects absorb most of the light that hits them an reflects the rest. What you see when you look at it is the light that bounces off of it.

Absorption
Opaque Objects-Reflects or absorbs all the light. You cannot see through opaque objects. Can you name some opaque objects? Translucent Objects-Reflects and absorbs some light. You can see a blurry or fuzzy image when you look through it. Can you name some opaque objects? Transparent- Does not reflect or absorb light. You see a clear image when you look through it. Can you name some transparent objects?

Using mirrors
Mirrors reflect all the light! Two examples:

2) A car headlight
1) A periscope

Color
White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
Prisms bend or refract light!

This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is split up by raindrops.

The colors of the rainbow:

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Adding colours
White light can be split up to make separate colours. These colours can be added together again. The primary colours of light are red, blue and green: This is different than paint primary colors!!!

Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple) Adding red and green makes yellow

Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue) Adding all three makes white again

Seeing color
The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:

White light

Only red light is reflected

(and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):

A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light

Purple light

A white hat would reflect all seven colors:

White light

Using colored light

If we look at a colored object in colored light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:

Shirt looks red White light Shorts look blue

In different colors of light this kit would look different:

Red light

Shirt looks red Shorts look black

Shirt looks black Blue light Shorts look blue

Some further examples:

Object Red socks Colour of light Red Blue Green Red Blue teddy Blue Green Red Green camel Blue Green Red Magenta book Blue Green Colour object seems to be Red Black Black Black

Using filters
Filters can be used to block out different colours of light:

Red Filter

Magenta Filter

Red

Blue

Green

White

Yellow

Cyan

Magenta

Refraction (http://www.brainpop.com/science/seeall/)
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:

In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.

(Words speed up, water, air, bent, medium)

THE LENS

CONVEX-BICONVEX
Convex Lenses cause light to

converge

or come together because one or both sides curve outward. Looking through a convex lens make things look: ????

CONCAVE-BICONCAVE
Concave Lenses cause light to

converge

or come together. Looking through a convex lens make things look:

THE LENS YOU USE EVERYDAY

Sound The basics

We hear things when they vibrate. If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.

If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch. The lowest frequency I could hear was

Words slowly, low, high, quickly

Drawing sounds
This sound wave has a _____ frequency:

This sound wave has a ___ _frequency:

Drawing sounds
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):

This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):

Hearing problems
Our hearing range can be damaged by several things: 1) Too much ear wax! 2) Damage to the auditory nerve 3) Illness or infections 4) Old age (not like Mrs. Powers)

Other sound effects

Like light, sound can be
1) Reflected sound reflections are called ______. 2) Refracted this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater

The Ear
Label your diagram with the following:
These bones are vibrated by the eardrum This tube carries the sound towards the eardrum This part is used to help us keep our balance This part picks up the vibrations

This part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signal
This part connects the ear to the mouth This part channels the sound towards the ear drum

The Ear