New Town - England

Farhatul Mutiah Afief Fithrotun Nisa Irinda W idyanti

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Urban Planning After Industrial Revolution

City during the industrial revolution Influenced by the mechanization Transportation role are very strong production and marketing Separation between workplace and residence The poor population living in the town center and the rich population staying in suburbs
springing up industrial areas in town center There are many slums around industrial sites, which are occupied by workers who want to have a cheap place to stay and do not need cost to work low quality environment, poor sanitation, disease, crime There is a gap between the poor zone in the town center and the rich zone in suburbs

New urban planning concept That issues was viewed as a very important element in urban planning. The environment and a better social life are more emphasis

The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts" (parks), containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture.

Consequence

 Garden City concept : integrate urban and rural. Both of it have an advantages as a magnet : City Village Nature. Garden Center surrounded by commercial zones, culture & administration.

Housing and industrial division of plots separately. There is a major road between plots

PURPOSE OF GARDEN CITY To maintain the continuity of life from a combination of urban and rural areas of healthy, natural and economic .

WELWYN GARDEN CITY The name takes from a separate village was several miles north of the new town. Was developed in 1920 by Sir Ebenezer Howard. The residential industrial area that laid out along tree lined boulevards with a neo Georgian town centre which offers excellent shopping facilities. The town offers excellent modern shopping (Howard Centre). The industrial & business park like Xerox,Tesco, Roche. Residential areas are modern, older houses on The West Side and newer houses on the East Side. There 2 golf courses

Xerox

Tesco

Howard Centre

Welwyn Roman Baths

Urban planning in the 20th century has a variety of new concepts in city planning. In general, these concepts put forward the following matters: - The natural environment - Social life - Open space - heritage, etc.

DEFINITION NEW TOWN 1. A new town is a specific type of a planned community, or planned city, that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more ad hoc fashion. Land use conflicts are uncommon in new towns. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_town ) 2. Form of urban planning designed to relocate populations away from large cities by grouping homes, hospitals, industry and cultural, recreational, and shopping centers to form entirely new, relatively autonomous communities.
(http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/new+town)

Taking his idea of Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, the concept of new town has characteristics as a new growth independent pole to decentralize development and reduce the burden on city center

Many cities in the UK have been applied this new town concept, for example: Milton Keynes

The creation of Welwyn Garden City were influential for the development of New Towns" after World War II by the British government. This produced more than 30 communities, and the last (and largest) being Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. Milton Keynes is a large town in Buckinghamshire, in the south east of England , about 49 miles (79 km) north-west of London. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a 'city' in scale. its 89 km2 (34 sq mi) area incorporated the existing towns, along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. Grid squares Milton Keynes Development Corporation planned the major road layout according to street hierarchy principles, using a grid pattern, rather than on the more conventional radial pattern. Height The original design guidance declared that "no building [be] taller than the tallest tree
Forest City The original Development Corporation design concept aimed for a "forest city" and its foresters planted millions of trees from its own nursery in Newlands in the following years. Centre Milton Keynes has a purpose built centre, with a very large "covered high street" shopping centre, theatre, art gallery, two multiplex cinemas, hotels, business district, ecumenical church, Borough Council offices and central railway station.

Caldecotte Lake, Milton Keynes

The point in Central Milton Keynes

New Bradwell village,

Bletchley Park

Stony Stratford

Original towns and villages The historical settlements have been focal points for the modern development of the new town. Every grid square has historical antecedents.

CRITICAL REVIEW
The concept of Gareden City is not relevant because The American People dont have a large land ownership like that. In reality, just a few people that live and work on the same location.