Dairy Regulations in India

Dr. M. Ashraf Pal

Professor/Chief Scientist Division of Livestock Products Technology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & Technology Kashmir

Dairy Legislation Part of food legislation with special emphasis on the protection of dairy denominations
Objectives: Protection of public health Ensuring fair trade

Historical
Food laws existed some 32 centuries ago Free translation of the text on the clay tablets in Archaeological museum Istanbul: You shall not spoil the fat in your neighbours bread neither shall you bewitch it

Barbarous punishments
In Germany (1465) two men burnt alive for adulteration of spices and their assistants buried alive In Netherlands the adulterator of butter had to stand in front of a big fire with adulterated butter on his head until it melted

 In India adulteration of milk & milk products practiced from earlier times Legislation was in force to curb adulteration and imitation of ghee as narrated in famous treatise on state administration by Kautilya in Arthashastra. A fine of 12 silver coins was imposed for the offence Similar type of statute was current during the subsequent regimen of sultan Alauddin Khilji and Emperor Akbar

Mandatory Regulations
In India the Basic food regulation was the PFA, 1954 and its subsequent amendments
Rules were framed in 1954 and PFA act came into force in 1955 It extended to whole of India Standards were formulated and revised whenever required by an expert committee called CCFS Prescribed the min. & Max. requirements for all type of foods Foods not conforming were said to be adulterated Provisions of the act were mandatory and contravention of rules could lead to fine and imprisonment

 The adulteration defined in a wide perspective in terms of purity, nutrition, wholesomeness, safety against contaminants, toxicants, microbial toxins, preservatives, colourants, insecticides and pesticides, misbranding or mislabeling and anything injurious to health

 Establishment of CFL
(Mysore, Pune, Ghaziabad, Kolkatta) for:

1. Analysis of food samples 2. Investigations for fixation of standards 3. Standardizing methods of analysis Certification after analysis Public analysists Food inspectors

Milk & Milk Products Order (1992)

A regulatory order of GOI , regulated by MOA thru DAH&D Exercised under essential commodities act Objective: To ensure supply of liquid milk, an essential commodity, to consumers by regulating its processing & distribution Registration compulsory for all milk processing plants (10,000 lit/day ) or handling > 500 tones of milk solids/annum Up to 75,000 lit/day- registered with DAH of respective states > 75 000 lit/day-reregistered with related authority of the central government

 MMP advisory board constituted to: a) assist & advise the govt. b) establish norms for license like procurement area, marketing area, capacity, balancing of uneven supply, standards etc. Collection within the specified milk shed Restrictions on milk product manufacture & levy on SMP by milk controller to ensure liquid milk supply to general public in any region Stringent sanitary and hygienic requirements for premises to grant license Specific criteria for packing, marking and labeling The product needed to be got certified for conforming to PFA & W&M rules Samples analyzed in BIS recommended labs.

Salient Benefits
Ensured quality improvement through stringent sanitary and hygienic control Helped evolving norms w r t processing, machinery, essential services etc. of dairy plants Promoted orderly growth in specified areas Allowed free flow of surplus in areas of deficit Number of Registered units fairly large with progressively increasing processing capacity

Weights & Measures Act

Enacted in 1975. Rules for packaged commodities framed in 1977. Under this Act it is necessary to: Declare on each package the name and address of manufacturer, the net quantity therein, month/year of mfg., sale price etc. Every manufacturer should be registered with the Director, Legal Metrology, MOCS, CA&PD, New Delhi Commodities to be packaged in specified quantities only

Export Quality Control & Inspection

Responsible Agency: Export Inspection Council for Quality Control Compulsory pre-shipment inspection thru a network of >50 agencies located around major production centres and ports of shipment

Pollution Control
NOC from Pollution Control Boards of respective states mandatory

Bureau of Indian Standards

Initiated formulation of standards in 1947 Food and Agriculture Division Councils (FAD) 1956 Work of food legislation and standardization got fillip 15 Sectional Committees dealing with food under FAD Technical Committee FAD-57 deals with dairy products and equipments Published 116 Standards Standards formulation by an Expert Committee

> 16000 Standards formulated so far Two-fold activities: 1. Formulation of standards 2. Implementation through promotion and voluntary 3rd party certification Food additives a series of standards to ensure safe usage and uniform purity Hygiene: A code of practices for maintaining hygienic conditions for processing units (IS:2491-1972; IS:7005; IS:5839) Packaging: Published a list of permitted thermoplastic packaging material

 ISI Certification Marks Scheme: Under BIS Act 1986 a license is granted to manufacturer for using ISI Mark under laid down conditions Quality System Certification Scheme: launched as per IS 14000 series identical to ISO 9000 series 3rd party certification Legal aspects of quality assurance: 46 products, i.e. synthetic and natural food colours/mixtures, infant foods and other milk products are required to be certified by BIS under PFA 1954 mandatory

Enforcement

Marketing substandard products with ISI Marks

Use of ISI Mark by nonlicensees

Controlled by strict Monitoring

Deterrent action as provided in BIS Act evoked

AGMARK Act, 1937

Grade Standards prescribed for agricultural and allied commodities Implemented thru Directorate of Marketing & Inspection Voluntary and complying manufacturers allowed to use AGMARK on their products 151 products covered including ghee, butter, fat spreads, edible nuts, vegetable oil fats, essential oils etc. Penal provisions: Unauthorized marking Counterfeiting Grade designation Mark Selling misgraded articles

Formulation of AGMARK Standards

Analyses of samples

Information about existing standards

Existing quality requirements studied Tentative standards evolved Publication in official gazette Suggestions/comments examined Specifications notified

Miscellaneous Regulations
Industrial License: No license required for a dairy project A memo submitted to SIA Registration under MMPO 1992 required Foreign Investment: Prior approval of SIA, MOI Approvals discretionary case to case basis under FERA Foreign Technology Agreements: Prior approval necessary Foreign services can be hired

Food regulations at a glance

Regulation MoF&CS MoFPI /CA FPO, 1955 Packed foods Raw/semiprocessed Consumer protection WTO SPS/TBT Preshipment MoA MoH&FW MoC MoCA

ECA, 1955

MFPO,1973 MMPO,1992

SWMA, 1976 AGMARK, 1937 PFA, 1954

CAC, 1964 EQC&I

BIS, 1986

HACCP, ISO 9000

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Notification
New Delhi, dated the 1st August, 2011 F.No. 2-15015/30/2010 Whereas in exercise of the powers conferred by section clause (e) of sub section (2) of section 92 read with 16 of Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (34 of 2006) the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India proposes to make Food Safety and Standards Regulations in so far they relate to Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations, 2011, and; Whereas these draft Regulations were published in consolidated form at pages 1 to 776 in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part III Sec. 4 dated 20th October 2010 inviting objections and suggestions from all persons likely to be affected thereby before the expiry of the period of thirty days from the date on which the copies of the Gazette containing the said notification were made available to the public; And whereas the copies of the Gazette were made available to the public on the 21st October 2010; And whereas objections and suggestions received from the stakeholders within the specified period on the said draft Regulations have been considered and finalized by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Now therefore, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India hereby makes the following Regulations, namely, FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS (FOOD PRODUCTS STANDARDS AND FOOD ADDITIVES) REGULATIONS, 2011