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Learning Objectives
To understand how management theories develop To understand the impact of the environment to management thinking To gain insights into new management approach
SUBSTITUTES POLITICAL
COMPETITION TECHNOLOGY
CUSTOMER
LEGAL
Bureaucratic Management
Max Weber
Administrative Management
Henri Fayol
2.
3. 4.
Scientifically study each part of a task and develop the best method of performing the task. Carefully select workers and train them to perform the task by using the scientifically developed method. Cooperate fully with workers to ensure that they use the proper method. Divide work and responsibility so that management is responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing the work accordingly.
Now one of the first requirements for a man who is fit to handle pig iron as a regular occupation is that he shall be so stupid and so phlegmatic that he more nearly resembles in his mental makeup the ox than any other type
- Frederick Taylor
Specialization of labor Formal rules and procedures Impersonality Well-defined hierarchy Career advancement based on merit
8. 9.
5.
6.
Unity of direction
Subordination of individual interest to the general interest Remuneration
tenure
13. Initiative
7.
Behavioral Perspective
Leadership style
Douglas McGregor
Hawthorne Effect:
The discovery that paying special attention to employees motivates them to put greater effort into their jobs.
(from the Hawthorne management studies, performed from 1924 1932 at Western Electric Companys plant near Chicago)
McGregors Theory X and Theory Y Leaders and managers who hold Theory X assumptions believe that employees are inherently lazy and lack ambition.
A negative perspective on human behavior.
Leaders and managers who hold Theory Y assumptions believe that most employees do not dislike work and want to make useful contributions to the organization.
A positive perspective on human behavior.
SOCIAL
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
PLANNING, ORGANIZING, INFLUENCING, CONTROLLING INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT SUBSTITUTES POLITICAL COMPETITION TECHNOLOGY CUSTOMER
LEGAL
Triangular Management
Triangular management is a management approach that emphasizes using information from the classical, behavioral, and management science schools of thought to manage the open management system.
SOCIAL
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
PLANNING, ORGANIZING, INFLUENCING, CONTROLLING INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT SUBSTITUTES POLITICAL COMPETITION TECHNOLOGY CUSTOMER
LEGAL
Environment in ca1980s
Slow American productivity improvement Rise of Japanese companies Japanese management may offer solutions to this problem
Theory Z
Chaordic Organizations
Purpose
Clarity
of purpose and shared values Operate through network of equals, not hierarchies
The learning organization approach to management is the management approach based on an organization anticipating change faster than its counterparts to have an advantage in the market over its competitors.
Shared vision
All organization members have a common view of the purpose of the organization and a sincere commitment to accomplish the purpose
Personal mastery
All organization members are committed to gaining a deep and rich understanding of their work Such an understanding will help organizations to reach important challenges that confront them
From The Fifth Discipline by Peter Senge, 1990
Personal mastery
(Theory Z/Behavioral)
Shared Vision
(Chaordic Organization)
Team Learning
(Theory Z/Behavioral)
*From World Executive Digest by William Newman, 1984 **From World Executive Digest by Sixto Roxas, 1981
Is there a Filipino Management Theory?? Are Western theories applicable in Philippine setting?
Pinoy Management
Kailangan may No. 2 (There is a need for No.2) Tsismis machine (Grapevine Machine) Kailangan may Hatchet Man (There is need for a Hatchet Man) Be an expert on timing Lumayo sa madalas matalo (Avoid losers) Gawin mong personal (Make it personal) NBA Style: One-on-one Power play. Laban (Fight) Be situational and contingent Umarte kang parang intelihente. Iyong laging nag-iisip Body language ang importante (Body language is important) Pag sinabing No, dapat No talaga
From Pinoy Management by Ernesto Franco, 1986
END