Earth Matters

.........

Why is India currently a low carbon economy?

Is it because we carpool?

Dhiren Thakar

We recycle?

Sanctuary Asia

We eat less meat?

We conserve water?

Or is it because over 400 million Indians are living in the dark?

Indian Poor vs Indian RichCO2 Emission

Indias average per capita CO2 emission 1.67 Tonnes

Indias Poor (Income less than Rs. 3,000 a month) Per capita -1.11 Tonnes a year
Source: Greenpeace- Hiding Behind The Poor, 2008

Indias Upper Class (Income more than Rs. 30,000 a month) Per capita -4.97 Tonnes a year

As architects can we do something?

Do we matter?????????

Green Buildings
WORLDWIDE, BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR

17% 25% 33% 40%

fresh water withdrawals

wood harvest

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

SITE LOCATION & PLANNING

CO2 emissions

material & energy use

Source: U.S Green Building Council, 2008

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

WATER MANAGEMENT

MATERIAL USE

So what is the future construction method?

-it is which would
1.minimise natural resource consumption 2.minimise negative emissions 3.minimise / zero discharge of waste 4.create positive impact on ecosystem

Today it needs to address

1. Resources Crisis 2. Water Crisis 3. Energy Crisis 4. Food Crisis

So as an Architect
Every morning I awake torn between a desire to save the world and an inclination to savour it. This makes it hard to plan the day.
E B White author

Resource Crisis
By using local materials. By using less materials. By using less variety of materials.

Material/ Resource

Choice of material
Component On site material Local material NonLocal material
Concrete

Labour

Implication on site planning

Quarries on site to be located and use of pits to be designed, Volume??? Quarries on site to be located and use of pits to be designed Volume??? None,

Foundation

Stone, Fly Ash Bricks, local bricks, rammed earth Cob, Adobe, S.M.B, Stone,Fly Ash Bricks

Stone, Fly Ash Bricks, local burnt bricks

Skills available, train, innovate

Walls

Soil, Bricks

Concrete,

Skills needed, Local knowledge exists for adobe and cob Skills needed,

Lintels /Arches

Concrete, stone, SMB,bricks,wood

Reinforcments

Steel

Skills needed,

None,storage space

Component

On site material

Local material

Nonlocal material

Labour

Implication on site planning

Windows, Doors

none

Bring from Mumbai

Skills needed

Tree planting to be done on site to offset use, integration into landscape and surrounding Sourcing of thatch and mat???

Roofs

none

G.I.Sheet and thatch, Steel and Mangalore tile, Mat and thatch,

Steel and potter tile, R.C.C

Skills needed

Finishes component

On site material

Local material

Nonlocal material

Labour

Implication on site planning

Walls

Mud plaster, pointing

Mud plaster, pointing

Cement plaster, Claddings etc

Skills needed

Quarries on site to be located and use of pits to be designed Volume??? For mud finishes

Wood

Cashew oil

Cashew oil, Paints etc

Semi- skills needed

None

Floor finish

Rammed earth floor

Terracota tile, Stone floors,

Oxides???? Ceramic, Wood, Cement

Skill, technique dependent

????

Foundation:

Generally of two types: 1.Load bearing 2.Column Footing

Alternative to a complete load bearing foundation:where the soil is

hard

Arched foundation

If materials are scarce: Rammed

earth foundation

Sourcing materials: Soil :)

Sandy /lateritic soil:Mud Blocks

Silty soils as well as low skill levels: Adobe

Making it simpler: Cob

Black cotton soil and stable outer wall surface

CSV Wardha's Tiled Blocks

Rammed earth

Smb- 0.275 mj/kg

Brick - 3 mj/kg

plaster- 1.8 mj/kg

paint- 67.5 mj/kg

Collated from Satprem, auroville earth institute and Prof.Reddy, IISc Bangalore

Innovation is not urban centric

Roofs: alternatives

Rain Water Harvesting

Resources and Sources of Energy

Source Carbon Foot-print Technologies Risks & issues
Main Grid with UPS Carbon negative Easily available Erratic supply issues

Solar

Carbon neutral

Photovoltaic for lighting Thermal for thermal loads For thermal loads to be investigated. (eg: gasifiers, biogas, boilers)

Seasonality Monsoon performance Payback periods Availability, Collection, storage, pre-processing and seasonality (Monsoon?)

Biomass & waste generated

Carbon neutral

Payback periods
LPG Carbon negative For thermal loads - easily available Need to ensure supply chain

Diesel back-up

Carbon negative

Easily available

Need to ensure supply chain

Others ???

Need to look for carbon neutral / positive options

Eg: Passive pumping possible ?

???

BIOGAS UNIT

Smokeless Chulha

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS FOR LIGHTING

Windmill

Energy feedback for PV-US Dept. of Energy-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Construction Industry
Is responsible for 47% of carbon emissions consume enormous resources produce waste streams Yet it also employ a large workforce enable workers to move up the skill and income ladder

Ravi' story
Immigrated from Kurnool Andhra in1997 Worked as a mason at site Rose up the ladder by diligence Today handling a labour project of 1 crore Handles 120 employees Owns a house, an SUV Daughter studying Civil Engineering and wife too is an enterpreuner.

Projects

CHITRA VISHWANATH

Paper making work shop- Jenny Pinto

Anand and Sushmas House

Play home and Home for Lalitha Mandana

Petachi House

Rajgopalan Home

Gowri and Harishs House

Shreeshas House

Paul and Geetas house

Forsyth Lodge- Satpuda

Kumars house

Krupakars house

Sanjay and Pratibhas house

SHARATH NAYAK

Villas at Oland estate

LIVING ROOM, HORNBILL HOUSE, COONOOR

BEDROOM, HORNBILL HOUSE, COONOOR

BEDROOM 2, HORNBILL HOUSE, COONOOR

MANAGER'S BUNGLAW COONOOR

Hamsas house

RESIDENCE FOR HAMSA MOILY BANGALORE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

RESIDENCE FOR HAMSA MOILY BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR HAMSA MOILY BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR HAMSA MOILY BANGALORE

CHITRA VISHWANATH SHARATH NAYAK ANSHU AHUJA HUJA

Govardhan ecovillage

GOVARDHAN ECO-VILLAGE ISKCON WADA MUMBAI

SEPTIC TANK FOR FARMERS COTTAGE

BW - 1

FOREST

SBT FOR GURUKUL SEPTIC TANK IN SMALL COTTAGES

DEWATS FOR SAMPLE COTTAGE

FOREST
Well SMALL COTTAGE GURUKUL TEMPLE SOIL BIO-TECHNOLOGY COW SHED TREATMENT PLANT KITCHEN BIO- GAS PLANT AGRICULTURE WATER BODY BW- 4 NEW COTTAGES RAMMED EARTH COTTAGE SAMPLE COTTAGE BORE WELL (BW)

BW- 5

BW- 2

BW- 3

DISCHARGE ZONE RECHARGE ZONE ROADS NEW BUILDINGS SEWAGE LINES SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

DEWATS FOR HOUSE KEEPING &QUARTERS`

Emphasis:

Minimize -

-resource consumption
-waste generation -overall ecological impact

By Five R philosophy-

-Refuse -Reduce -Reuse -Recycle -Reinvent.

Broad categories:

Site selection and Planning Building Planning and Construction Building Operation and Maintenance Innovation

Preserve existing Vegetation/or plant as per Griha. Proper timing of Construction w.r.t. Rains. Confine Const. Activity . Erosion and sedimentation controL. Preserve topsoil.

CEMENT+ST EEL 100KM STON E 12KM (KHADIWALI) SOI L 1KM (FARM)

ROOF TILES 200KM(GUJRAT) WOO D 110KM (MUMBAI)

QUARRY DUST 11KM (MANOR)

LIM E 1000KM (JODHPUR)

LABOU R (BANGLORE)

FOREST AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION OFFICE & GODOWN LABOUR SHED

FENCING
PUMP HOUSE & WELL MATERIAL DUMP YARD MUD BLOCK MAKING UNIT ARCH PANEL MAKING UNIT WATER TANK

FOUNDATION:
PCC WITH STABILIZED MUD STONE MASONARY WITH STABILIZED MUD MORTAR. CONCRETE SHORT POLES (AS BOND STONE)

POINTING:
STABILIZED MUD MORTAR.

PLASTER:
IN TOILETS- CEMENT PLASTER. MUD PLASTER.

WALL: STABILIZED MUD BLOCKS

MUD QUARRY DUST LIME CEMENT

ROOF:
ARCH PANEL WITH MUD TILES. STEEL. MANGALORE TILES (BURNT CLAY TILES ).

DOOR & WINDOWS:

RECYCLED WOOD

MONALIKA NANDAA

Radhika and Kumars house

RESIDENCE FOR KUMAR & RADHIKA BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR KUMAR & RADHIKA BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR KUMAR & RADHIKA BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR KUMAR & RADHIKA BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR KUMAR & RADHIKA BANGALORE

Weaving unit for Jharcraft

WEAVING UNIT FOR SITHIO VILLAGE, JHARCRAFT, NEAR RANCHI

WEAVING UNIT FOR SITHIO VILLAGE, JHARCRAFT, NEAR RANCHI

Ramasubbans house

RESIDENCE FOR PRIYA RAMASUBBAN, BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR PRIYA RAMASUBBAN, BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR PRIYA RAMASUBBAN, BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR PRIYA RAMASUBBAN, BANGALORE

Ramya and Sudheendras house

Sheel Raj Shetty

SHEEL RAJ SHETTY

Mahaprabhu cottage, ISKCON Salem

MAHAPRABHU COTTAGE ISKCON SALEM

CONSTRUCTION OF A COB HOUSE IN BANGALORE

Sunnys house

RESIDENCE FOR MR.SUNNY BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR MR.SUNNY BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR MR.SUNNY BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR MR.SUNNY BANGALORE

Temple at ISKCON, Salem

TEMPLE COMPLEX, ISKCON SALEM

MARTIN LAFERRIERE

Our Native Village

MASTER PLAN, OUR NATIVE VILLAGE, BANGALORE

DOUBLE BED SUITES, OUR NATIVE VILLAGE, BANGALORE

OUR NATIVE VILLAGE, BANGALORE

OVERVIEW, OUR NATIVE VILLAGE, BANGALORE

Club house at Utopia

RECEPTION, OLDE BANGALORE CLUB HOUSE, BANGALORE

OLDE BANGALORE CLUB HOUSE, BANGALORE

CENTRAL COURT, OLDE BANGALORE CLUB HOUSE, BANGALORE

DEVYANI DAYAL

Srihari and Madhavis house

RESIDENCE FOR SRIHARI MADHAVI, BANGALORE

RESIDENCE FOR SRIHARI MADHAVI, BANGALORE

NAVEEN K.B. ENGINEER

NAVEEN KUMAR

TRAINING AT NIGERIA

TRAINING AT SALEM

BUILD-A-ROOF

Bangalore
A roof story

Un-designeda roof is a sterile space and a heat sink

A smart roof
Receives maximum sunlight and heat All the rain Lots of wind A whole bunch of birds, butterflies and bees

Can solve Bangalores water, wastewater, energy, sewage, food and bio-diversity problem

How about? A roof that grows rice

Uses treated grey water to grow it

Uses the Sun

Turns sewage to a nutrient through Eco-san

Composts bio-degradables

What can a smart roof do?

Provide
Food security and grow rice, banana Water security .. And treat waste water Energy security and keep the house cool Ecological security and help save the sparrow 50% of built Bangalore are roofs. What do we do about them? Heat sinks or Ecological spaces- The choice is ours.

THANK YOU