Over current protection

Protection against excess current was naturally the earliest protection system to evolve Over current protection, on the other hand, is directed entirely to the clearance of faults, although with the settings usually adopted some measure of overload protection may be obtained

Over current relays are the most common form of protection used to deal with excessive currents due to Faults in power systems Over current relays use the current level to detect the presence of faults and operate circuit breakers Over current relays are primarily intended to operate under faults They should not be installed purely as a means of protecting systems against overloads The setting of an over current relay is usually a compromise in order to cope with both over currents and overloads

Over-current relays

The operating characteristic of an over current relay can be presented as a plot of the operating time vs. the current. This figure represents the operating time for an independent delay time over current relay.

It will operate always at the same time for currents over the pick up setting
This relays are defined by the pick up current, as number of times the normal current, and the operating time

50 (ANSI)

Rel tiempo independ.

Coordination of different protections of this type is achieved by time delaying and pick up setting

t0

It must be a minimum of 0,3 sec. to permit operating of the first breaker

In

n*In

Types of over current relays

Instantaneous
Definite time Inverse time

Definite-Current Relay
Definite-current relay operate instantaneously when the current reaches a predetermined value Coordination of definite-current relays is based on the fact that the fault current varies with the position of the fault because of the difference in the impedance between the fault and the source The relay located furthest from the source operate for a low current value The operating currents are progressively increased for the other relays when moving towards the source

Relay Basics
Electromechanical Relays
Magnets, coils, transformers, springs, etc.

Static or Electronic
Transistors, diodes, opamps
Also magnets, coils, transformers, etc.

Can duplicate E/M relay functions

Digital or Microprocessor
Computers!
Also magnets, coils, transformers, etc.

Can duplicate E/M relay functions

Relay Basics
Non-directional

Detect fault in any direction Operate when quantity exceeds pickup value
Directional

Use voltages, currents, and angles to determine fault direction

Trip for faults in front of relay Block for faults behind relay

Operate when quantities exceed pickup value and correct direction is determined

Modern Relay
Inverse

Time, Seconds

Definite Time

1 1

10

Multiples of PU Current

Modern Relay
Inverse

Time, Seconds

Definite Time

1 1

10

Multiples of PU Current

Definite time over current relay

Feeder Protection
1) Over Current Protection
a) Time delayed non directional (51) b) Time delayed directional (67) c) Instantaneous (50)

2) Ground Over Current Protection

a) Time delayed non directional (51N) b) Time delayed directional (67N) c) Instantaneous (50N)

Instantaneous (50) protection

Used for detecting high magnitude fault current Same time delay regardless of fault magnitude or distance Co-ordination with down stream section cannot be maintained.

Protection for 3 Phase System

a) Three Over Current One Earth Current relay b) Two Over Current One Earth Current relay
Ia

Ia

Ib

Ib

Ic

Ic

In=Ia+Ib+Ic

In=Ia+Ib+Ic

Earth Fault

E/F

O/C

O/C

O/C

E/F

O/C

O/C

Phase Fault

E/F

O/C

O/C

O/C

E/F

O/C

O/C

Overcurrent Protection (50,51)

A 132 kV /33 kV A

50/51

51GN

50/51 50/51N Relay(s)

Relay(s)

Earth fault Protection (50N,51N)

A 132 kV /33 kV A

50/51

51GN

50/51 50/51N Relay(s)

Relay(s)

Grading between 51GN & 51N necessary

Thanks for Good Listening Any Questions?