AW101 OSHA

Mohd Aidil (F1023)

ERGONOMICS IN OSHA

HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS

Background
Ergonomics derives from two greek words : ergon, meaning work, and nomos, meaning natural laws. Combined they create a word that means the science of work and a person relationship to that work. In application ergonomics is a disicpline focused on making aproducts and tasks comfortable and effiecient for the user. Ergonomics is sometimes defined as the science of the fitting the work to the user insstead of forcing the user to fit the work. However this is more a primary ergonomic principle rather than a definition.

Definition
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific disipline concerned with the understading of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human weel-being and overall system performance Ergonomics is defined as the science related to man and his work, embodying the anatomic, physiologicc, and mechanical principles affecting the efficient use of human energy.

History
The term ergonomics has its roots in Ramanzzanis study on ill-effect of poorly design tools on health of worker in the 1700s. 1949, The term ergonomics was adopted at national ergonomics society in England was founded. 1961, International Ergonomics Association was founded.

 World War II in 1943, an Army officer, Alphonse Chapanis, learned that if the control layouts in the cockpits of planes were simplified, the pilots made fewer errors After World War II, ergonomics not only in productivity, but also the safety of the workers.

 Research take placce in various areas: The affect of heavy lavor on the heart, maximum loads that should be pulled, pushed or carried The amount of muscle force that should be required to perform.

Statutory Requirements
Statutory requirements reated to ergonomics in OSHA 1994: Part IV-General Duties of employers And Self-Employed Persons Section 15. General duties of employers and self-employed persons to their employees 16. Duty to fomulate safety and gelath policy 17. General duties of employers and self-employed persons to persons other than their employees 18. Duties of an occupier of a place of work to persons other than his employees 19. Penalty for an offence under section 15, 16, 17, or 18

 Part V-General Duties Of Designers, Manufactures and Supplier Section 20. General duties of manufactures, etc as regards plant for use at work 21. General duties of manufacturers, etc as regards substances for use at work 22. Explanations to sections 20 and 21 23. Penalty for an offence under section 20 or 21

 Part VI-General Duties Of Employees Section 24. General duties of employees at work 25. Duty no to interfere or misuse things provided pursuant to certtain provisions 26. Duty not to chees for things done or charge employees for things done or provided 27. Discrimination against employee

Objective Of Ergonomics
Methods to do things quicker, more efficiently and at the same time, reduce as much physical and emotional stress as possible. The less strain we feel on our bodies, the easier for us to do the tasks. Able to do more work, accomplished in the same amount of time.

 Approuch used to obtain an effective match between worker and work system to optimize: Efficiency Quality Safety Health

Seatinng & Standing Position

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