1.

Cortical bone Compact bone Dense outer layer of bone Resist passage of xray beam and appears as radiopaque on radiograph - Inferior border of mandible 2. Cancellous bone - Soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone - Composed of numerous trabeculae that form latticelike network of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow - Trabeculae resist passage of bone thus they are radiopaque while the marrow spaces permit the passage of xray beam thus they are radiopaque

- Composed of dense cortical bone and appear radiopaque on the radiograph 1. Process marked prominence or projection of bone, e.g. coronoid process of the mandible 2. Ridge linear prominence or projection, e.g internal oblique ridge of mandible

3. Spine sharp, thornlike projection of the bone, e.g. anterior nasal spine 4. Tubercle small bump or nodule of bone, e.g genial tubercle 5. Tuberousity round prominence of bone, e.g. maxillary tuberousity

- Do not resist passage of xray beam and appear radiolucent 1. Canal tubelike passageway through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels, e.g. mandibular canal 2. Foramen opening or hole in the bone that permits passage of nerves and blood vessels, e.g. mental foramen 3. Fossa broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone, e.g. mandibular fossa of the mandible 4. Sinus hollow space, cavity or recess in bone, e.g maxillary sinus

1. Septum - bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities - Appears radiopaque - E.g. nasal septum 2. Suture - an immovable joint that represents the line of union between adjoining bones of the skull - Appears as thin radiolucent line - E.g. median palatal suture of maxilla

- Nasopalatine foramen - Nasopalatine nerve - Opening or hole in the bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary incisors - Appears as small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between roots of maxillary central incisors

- Are two tiny openings or holes in the bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity - Two canals join together to form the incisive canal and share a common exit incisive foramen - Appears as two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of maxillary central incisors

- Immovable joint between two palatine process of maxilla (palate) - Extends from alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate - Appears as thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors - As it fuses with age, it may become less distinct radiographically

- Canine fossa - Smooth depressed area in maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors - Appears variably depending upon the anatomy of the individual - May appear as distinct radiolucent area between maxillary canine and lateral incisor, or maybe absent

- Nasal fossa - Pear shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla - Appears as large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors

- Vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left nasal fossae - Formed by vomer and portion of ethmoid bone and cartilage - Appears as vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity - Maybe superimposed over by the median palatal suture

- Bony wall formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and horizontal portions of the palatine bones - Composed of dense cortical bone and defines the inferior border of the nasal cavity - Appears as dense radiopaque band of bone above maxillary incisors

- Sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity - Appears as V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum

- Wafer-thin curved plates of bone that extends from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity - Seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity - Appear as diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity

- Are paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla - Above maxillary premolar and molar teeth - At birth, it is the size of a small pea but expands with growth - Appears as radiolucent area located above the apices of premolars and molars - The floor of maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone an appears as a radiopaque line

- Refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity - Appears as radiopaque upside-down Y above the maxillary canine

- Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region - Appears as radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region

- Hamular process - Small hook-like projection of bone extending form the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone - Located posterior to the maxillary tuberousity region - Appears as radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area

- Bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar bone - Composed of dense cortical bone - Appears as a J or U shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region

- Cheek bone - Malar, zygomatic bone - Articulates with zygomatic process of the maxilla - Composed of dense cortical bone - Appears as diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla