Actuators are devices used for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy Produce linear, rotary and

oscillating motion Used for lifting, tilting clamping opening closing metering mixing, turning, swinging, bending.

Linear actuators Rotary

Continuous rotary actuator

Limited rotation rotary actuator

Hydraulic power to linear mechanical force

Based on the cylinder action

Based on cylinder design
Plunger Telescoping cylinder Tandem cylinders Cable cylinders Diaphragm cylinders Bellow cylinders Duplex cylinders Single acting Double acting

Based on cushioning features

Cushioned type hydraulic cylinders Non -Cushioned type hydraulic cylinders

Based on the piston or plunger used

Piston type cylinders Plunger type cylinders

Based on the cylinders movement.

Rotating type cylinders Non rotating type cylinders.

Has only one port at one end of the cylinder The piston is assembled inside a cylinder housing called barrel. A shaft is connected to the piston to deliver the force

For ce applied by the pressurised fluid Depends on both area of the piston to pressure of the fluid.
F= P X A p= pressure of the fluid A= area of the piston

In single acting cylinder the piston do not retract automatically But the retraction is accomplished by using compression spring.

The single acting cylinder are very simple to operate and compact in size Single acting cylinder with spring return cannot be used for larger stroke lengths

The liquid pressure can be applied on either side of the piston, thereby providing a hydraulic force in both directions. Double acting are mostly used where larger stroke lengths are required.

Base cap with port connection Bearing cap with port connection Cylinder barrel Piston and piston rod The end caps and pistons are common for all cylinders of same diameter One have to change the length of the barrel and piston rods to change its length of stroke

Seamless drawn steel is used for the inner surface of the barrel to prevent wear and leakage. Cast iron piston or steel Piston acts as a sliding bearing and provides the seal between high and low pressures Piston rods are made up of heat treated chrom alloy- protect from abrasion and corrosion

A wiper seal is provided at the piston rod to prevent the entry of water and other matter from being drawn into the cylinder Internal sealing ring or O rings are provided to prevent the high pressure fluid leaking out of the cylinder The end caps have an threaded entry

Extension stroke pressurised fluid enters through extend port. Fluid present is pushed out during the retract stroke to reservoir Retract stroke- pressurised fluid enters through the retract port Differential cylinders- larger force - extend small - retract stroke

Pressurised fluid piston accelerates If piston travel in the same speed it will hit the cylinder wall or end cap with a great impact To prevent this impact cylinder cushioning is used

As the piston approaches the end stroke the plunger enters the end cap port and thus blocks the free flow The fluid is trapped between the piston and the end cap This fluid can pass through a adjustable restrictor This fluid flow through the restricted flow path causes the piston to decelerate The rate of deceleration is governed by the adjustable needle valve A non return check valve is provided to allow free flow of fluid to the cylinder quickly during the return stroke.

Telescopic cylinders used in the place of space constraint A telescopic cylinder consists of a series of rams nested in a telescopic assembly which provide a long extension Applications
Hydraulic cranes
high lift fork trucks dipper wagons

A tandem cylinder is a one in which two or more piston and rod combinations are assembled as a rigid unit

The function of a rotary actuator is to convert hydraulic into rotary energy They are the hydraulic equivalents of electric motor. they work in the reverse principle as that of a rotary pump

Continuous rotary hydraulic motors

Gear motor Vane motors

Piston motors

Limited rotation hydraulic motor

Vane type Piston type

Construction Advantages Disadvantages

Gear motors are subjected to relatively high

internal leakage. Therefore, they are not suitable for high torque, low speed applications Develops very high bearing loads

Construction and operation Adavntages less internal leakage than geaar motors Eliminates side and bearing loads Dis advantage Not suitable for vehicle drive applications

Axial piston motors Radial piston motor Advantages

High volumetric efficiency
Produce high torque Capable of working at very high pressures and

speeds Available in both fixed and variable type displacement units

Dis advantages cheap Power to weight ratio of piston motors are comparatively less as that of a gear vane motors

Vane type Piston type

Single vane
Roattion of approximately 280

Double Vane
Rotation of 100 is possible

Helix spline rotory motor Application

Valve turning

Air bending flip over between work stations

Positioning for welding Lifting Rotating Dumping