Understanding DWDM

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Traffic - The Future!

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The Optical Layer as the new mux fabric

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new layer is born: the Optical Layer

WDM multiplexing technology: The basis for Optical Networking

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Future Broadband Network Layers

Broadband Applications IP
ATM
SDH / SONET Photoniclayer: WDM
New proposals The mainstream view

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Geographical Distribution of DWDM Technology 1996/1997

Japan/Pac Rim 8% Europe 18%

ROW 0%

USA 74%

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Geographical Distribution of DWDM Technology 2001/2002

ROW Japan/Pac Rim 14% 7%

USA 54% Europe 25%

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1310 nm/1550 nm TDM point-topoint connections with opto-electrical regenerators

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Classic WDM point-to-point connection with opto-electrical regenerators

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TDM point-to-point connections with optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs)

OFA basics

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Transmission of multiple channels using WDM systems with 8, 16, 32, ... channels (multiplexing of 2.5 Gbit/s signals)

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DWDM test parameters

Power levels of the individual carriers

to ensure even power distribution over the entire bandwidth to notice immediately whether any channels have dropped out

Channel wavelength / Channel spacing

to indicate possible wavelength shifts for individual laser sources

Signal-to-noise ratio
to ensure that error-free transmission is possible in each data channel

Overall power
to check the optical fiber amplifiers of the system to check against safety limit of currently +17 dBm

Crosstalk
to provide a quality indication for the system components (couplers, ...)

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DWDM spectrum and corresponding test parameters

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DWDM measurements with an optical spectrum analyzer

TX

...
1 n

RX

TX W D M OFA OFA W D M

RX

TX

RX

TX

...
1 n

RX

S ta r t S to p M a in Set ?

F W W

A N W

b D GE a

A e
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

TO
O e T e

C l

X - R 1 l

E K0 & &

D T G G E o S o l T lt E t e e R r r m m a a n n n n

OSA-155

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OFA monitor output: 8 data signals and ASE spurious spectrum

S ta r t S to p M a in Set ?

F W W

A N W

b D GE a

A e
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

TO
O e T e

C l

X - R 1 l

E K0 & &

D T G G E o S o l T lt t E e e R r r m m a a

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DWDM system with the recommended reference test points from ITU-T Rec. G.692

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100 GHz channel grid in the range 1530 to 1565 nm from ITU-T Rec. G.692

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Possible system wavelengths in the ITU-T 100 GHz channel grid

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Optical add/drop multiplexing principleand monitoring of system parameters

...
1

...
1

W D OFA

OFA

D M

M
n

RX

RX

TX

TX

...
1

S ta r t S to p M a in Set ?

F W W

A N W

b D G E a

A e
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

TO
O e T e

C l

X R 1 l

E 0 K & &

D T G G E o

OSA-155

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Optical add/drop multiplexing principle and monitoring of system parameters

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4-channel DWDM signal with characteristic noise floors and ASE spurious spectrum

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Superimposition of the actual data signal and accumulated noise and incorrect interpretation of S/N measurements

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Quality monitoring in DWDM systems

TX

...
1 n

RX

TX W D M OFA OFA W D M

RX

TX

RX

...
1

TX

RX

S ta r t S to p M a in Set ?

A N W

D E

A
a

V T n

N A
W d

T
O e

2
R l

0
K &

D T G E S o T l t E e R r m a n n F W W A N W i b D GE a

Ae
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

T
e

O O

C T e l

X - R 1 l

E K0 & &

D T G G E o S o l T l t t E e e R r r m m a a n n n n

OSA-155 ANT -20

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Cyclical recording and stability measurement of

S ta r t S to p M a in

Channel-No. Actual Power / -stability S/N / -stability

Set ?

F W W

A N W

b D GE a

A e
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

TO
O e T e

C l

X - R 1 l

E K0 & &

D T G G E o S o l T

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Spectrum analysis and power leveladjustment in DWDM systems

Due to the irregular gain/ wavelength response of todays EDFAs cascading of optical amplifiers result in power shifts ! To minimize crosstalk effects ( Rx side) of each DWDM channel power equalization becomes necessary.

S ta r t S to p M a in Set ?

F W W

A N W

b D GE a

A e
a

V T n

r O n

N A
W d

F F d

TO
O e T e

C l

X - R 1 l

E K0 & &

D T G G E o S o l T

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Quality monitoring through wavelength-selective bit error analysis (automatic evaluation of bit error histograms)

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DWDM System Analyzer OSA-155

TX
1

...
1

TX W D M OFA OFA

TX

TX

New portable DWDM System Analyzer for 50 GHz/0.4 nm and higher spaced optical DWDM systems with up to 256 channels

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DWDM System Analyzer OSA-155

Complete Solution: OSA-155 + ANT-20 + CATS Optics OSA-155 WDM-channel-selector for in-depth system analysis

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