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CONTENTS
Introduction Control Requirements Capabilities of Computer Control Forms of Computer Process Control Computer Process Monitoring Direct Digital Control Numerical Control and Robotics Programmable logic controllers Supervisory Control Distributed Control System References
Control Requirements
There are two basic requirements that must be managed by the controller to achieve real time control: 1. Process initiated interrupts 2. Timer initiated Actions
1. Process initiated interrupts: The controller must be able to respond to incoming signals from the process. Depending on the relative importance of the signals.
2.Timer initiated actions: The controller must be capable of executing certain actions at specified points in time.
2.
Interlocks
An interlocks is a safeguard mechanism for coordinating the activities of two or more devices and preventing one device from interfacing with other(s). There are two types of interlocks, a) Input interlock b) Output interlock
3. Interrupt System
An interrupt system is a computer control feature that permits the execution of the current program to be suspended to execute another program or subroutine in response to an incoming signal indicating a higher priority event.
Interrupt conditions can be classified as internal or external. Internal interrupts: Internal interrupts are generated by the computer itself. External interrupts: Internal interrupts are external to the computer system
4. Exception Handling
In process control, an exception is an event that is outside the normal or desired operation of process or control system.
b) Close loop process control: In this process control feedback or interlocking is required to ensure that the control instructions have been properly carried out.
Process variables
Process monitoring
The data collected by the computer in computer process monitoring can generally be classified into three categories:
1. Process data: These are the measured values of input parameters and output variables that indicate process performance. 2. Equipment data: These data indicate the status of the equipment in the work cell. 3. Product data: Government regulations are require certain manufacturing industries to collect and preserve production data on their products.
Supervisory Control
Supervisory control can be defined as the control system that directs and coordinates the activities of several interacting pieces of equipment in a manufacturing cell or system.
Input parameters Output parameter Ecnomic Objectives
Process
Supervisory control
Human interface
Multiple process control station located throughout the plant to control the individual loop and devices of the process. A central control room equipped with operator stations, where supervisory control of the plant occur. Local operator stations distributed throughout the plant. This provides the DCS redundancy.
All process operator stations interact with each other by means of a communications network, or data highway
REFERENCES
[1] www.google.com [2] Automation Production Systems, and computer-Integrated Manufacturing -Mikell P.Groover
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