E-BOMB

A WEAPON OF ELECTRICAL MASS DESTRUCTION

Presented By Abhishek Kumar 0811014034 EEE

Guided By Mr. J R Panda

Talk flow
Introduction Basic Principle-The EMP Effect Conventional E BOMBS Technologies behind E BOMBS Construction of E BOMBS Delivery of E BOMBS Effect of E BOMBS Defense against E BOMBS Limitations Conclusion

Introduction
E-bomb (electromagnetic bomb) is a intense electromagnetic pulse generator which propagates away from its source with ever diminishing intensity, governed by the theory of electromagnetism. This pulse of energy produces a powerful electromagnetic field, particularly within the vicinity of the weapon burst. The field can be sufficiently strong to produce short lived transient voltages of thousands of Volts (i.e. kilovolts) on exposed electrical conductors, such as wires, or conductive tracks on printed circuit boards, where exposed.

BASIC PRINCIPLE-THE EMP EFFECT

Compton effect Compton's assertion was that photons of electromagnetic energy could knock loose electrons from atoms with low atomic numbers. The photons from the blast's intense gamma radiation knocked a large number of electrons free from oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere. This flood of electrons interacted with the Earth's magnetic field to create a fluctuating electric current, which induced a powerful magnetic field.

THE EMP EFFECT-Continued.

The field can be sufficiently strong to produce short lived transient voltages of thousands of Volts (i.e. kilovolts) on exposed electrical conductors, such as wires, or conductive tracks on printed circuit boards, where exposed. The resulting electromagnetic pulse induced intense electrical currents in conductive materials over a wide area. This can have devastating effects on any equipment running on electricity namely communication systems , computers, vehicles , can cause massive blackouts.

Compton effect

The Technology Base for Conventional E Bombs

The technology base which may be applied to the design of electromagnetic bombs is both diverse, and in many areas quite mature. Key technologies which are extant in the area are

1.Explosively pumped Flux Compression Generators (FCG)

2.Explosive or propellant driven Magneto-Hydrodynamic (MHD) generators 3.Virtual Cathode Oscillator or Vircator

Flux Compression Generators

An explosively pumped flux compression generator (EPFCG) is a device used to generate a high-power electromagnetic pulse by compressing magnetic flux using high explosive. Magneto-explosive generators use a technique called magnetic flux compression. An EPFCG can be used only once as a pulsed power supply since the device is physically destroyed during operation. An EPFCG package that could be easily carried by a person can produce pulses in the millions of amperes and tens of terawatts, exceeding the power of a lightning strike by orders of magnitude. They require a starting current pulse to operate, usually supplied by capacitors.

Flux Compression Generator

Flux Compression

EXPLOSIVE AND PROPELLANT DRIVEN MHD GENERATORS

The design of explosive and propellant driven MagnetoHydrodynamic generators is a much less mature art that that of FCG design. The fundamental principle behind the design of MHD devices is that a conductor moving through a magnetic field will produce an electrical current transverse to the direction of the field and the conductor motion. In an explosive or propellant driven MHD device, the conductor is a plasma of ionized explosive or propellant gas, which travels through the magnetic field. Current is collected by electrodes which are in contact with the plasma jet .

HIGH POWER MICROWAVE SOURCES - THE VIRCATOR

The fundamental idea behind the Vircator is that of accelerating a high current electron beam against a mesh (or foil) anode. Many electrons will pass through the anode, forming a bubble of space charge behind the anode. Under the proper conditions, this space charge region will oscillate at microwave frequencies. If the space charge region is placed into a resonant cavity which is appropriately tuned, very high peak powers may be achieved. Conventional microwave engineering techniques may then be used to extract microwave power from the resonant cavity. Power levels achieved in Vircator experiments range from 170 kilowatts to 40 Gig Watts over frequencies spanning the decimetric and centimetric bands.

Construction of E-BOMB

The bomb consists of a metal cylinder (the armature), which is surrounded by a coil of wire (the stator winding). The armature cylinder is filled with high explosive, and a sturdy jacket surrounds the entire device. The stator winding and the armature cylinder are separated by empty space. The bomb also has a power source, such as a bank of capacitors, which can be connected to the stator.

HERE'S THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS WHEN THE BOMB GOES OFF

A switch connects the capacitors to the stator, sending an electrical current through the wires. This generates an intense magnetic field. A fuse mechanism ignites the explosive material. The explosion travels as a wave through the middle of the armature cylinder. As the explosion makes its way through the cylinder, the cylinder comes in contact with the stator winding. This creates a short circuit, cutting the stator off from its power supply. The moving short circuit compresses the magnetic field, generating an intense electromagnetic burst.

DELIVERY OF E-BOMB

COVERAGE AREA

EFFECTS OF E BOMB
There is a range of possible attack scenarios. Low-level electromagnetic pulses would temporarily jam electronics systems, more intense pulses would corrupt important computer data and very powerful bursts would completely fry electric and electronic equipment. In modern warfare, the various levels of attack could accomplish a number of important combat missions without racking up many casualties. For example, an e-bomb could effectively neutralize: Vehicle control systems Targeting systems, on the ground and on missiles and bombs Communications systems Navigation systems Long and short-range sensor systems A nuclear blast could effectively demolish many of these bunkers, but this would take a devastating toll on surrounding areas. An electromagnetic pulse could pass through the ground, knocking out the bunker's lights, ventilation systems, communications -- even electric doors. The bunker would be completely uninhabitable.

Defenses Against E-bombs

Destroy the delivery vehicle or launch platform.
Electromagnetically harden important assets.

Hide important assets.

LIMITATIONS OF E BOMBS
It must be noted that thermionic technology (i.e. vacuum tube equipment) is substantially more resilient to the electromagnetic weapons effects than solid state (i.e. transistor) technology. Difficulty in kill assessment. Radiating targets such as radars or communications equipment may continue to radiate after an attack even though their receivers and data processing systems have been damaged or destroyed. These bomb are non-lethal.

CONCLUSION
Electromagnetic bombs are Weapons of Electrical Mass Destruction with applications across a broad spectrum of targets, spanning both the strategic and tactical. The non-lethal nature of electromagnetic weapons makes their use far less politically damaging than that of conventional munitions, and therefore broadens the range of military options available. Given the potentially high payoff deriving from the use of these devices, it is incumbent upon such military forces to appreciate both the offensive and defensive implications of this technology. It is also incumbent upon governments and private industry to consider the implications of the proliferation of this technology, and take measures to safeguard their vital assets from possible future attack. Those who choose not to may become losers in any future wars.

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