Harini Audisekar (29015) Jyotsna V (29018) Ramesh Babu V (29040) Sivaraj Kumar N Y (29053) Senthur Vignesh (29049) Vignesh

P A (29057)

What is RFID? RFID Components

 RFID Radio Frequency IDentification.

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:

Uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track.. Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item. Performs the operation using low cost components. Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of applications.

Other ADC technologies: Bar codes, OCR.

 RFID system has 3 components

Scanning antenna Transceiver with decoder to interpret data Transponder (RFID programmed tag)

RF serves 2 purposes
Means of communication Energizes the RFID tag

RFID Basic Working Diagrammatic Representation

 Data stored within an RFID tag's microchip waits to be read. The tag's antenna receives electromagnetic energy from an RFID reader's antenna. Using power from its internal battery or power harvested from the reader's electromagnetic field, the tag sends radio waves back to the reader. The reader picks up the tag's radio waves and interprets the frequencies as meaningful data.

Smart Labels Some RFID Tags RFID Tags

A paper label with RFID inside

an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ... and a chip attached to it on a substrate e.g. a plastic foil ...

Tags can be attached to almost anything:

Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel Passive & Active tags

No power source Draws it from Interrogator Field Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB) Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet) Usually Write-Once-Read-Many/Read-Only tags Cost around 25 cents to few dollars Operate at124 kHz, 125 kHz or 135 kHz, 13.56 MHz,

Active Tags
Battery powered 455 MHz, 2.45 GHz, or 5.8 Ghz Higher storage capacities (512 KB) Longer read range ( upto 300 feet) Typically can be re-written by RF Interrogators Cost around 50 to 250 dollars Two types : Transponders & Beacons

Application:
Toll collection

RFID Magnetic Memory RFID Readers

 Read-only tags
Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing Can never be changed No additional data can be assigned to the tag

Write once, read many (WORM) tags

Data written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing Tag is locked once data is written Similar to a compact disc or DVD

Read/Write
Tag data can be changed over time Part or all of the data section can be locked

 Reader functions:
Remotely power tags Establish a bidirectional data link Inventory tags, filter results Communicate with networked server(s) Can read 100-300 tags per second

Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as

Entrance/exit Point of sale

Readers can also be mobile/hand-held

 Assembly Line
Wireless

Handheld Applications

Shipping Portals

 Manufacturing and Processing

Inventory and production process monitoring Warehouse order fulfillment

Supply Chain Management

Inventory tracking systems Logistics management

Retail
Inventory control and customer insight (Alarm Gates) Auto checkout with reverse logistics

Security
Access control Counterfeiting and Theft control/prevention

Location Tracking
Traffic movement control and parking management Wildlife/Livestock monitoring and tracking

Smart Groceries Smart Cabinet Smart Fridge Some Smart Groceries Some More Smart Applications

 Add an RFID tag to all items in the grocery. As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver. The cart is rung up in seconds.

Reader antennas placed under each shelf

1.

Tagged item is removed from or placed in Smart Cabinet

2.

Smart Cabinet periodically interrogates to assess inventory

Server/Database is updated to reflect items disposition Designated individuals are notified regarding items that need attention (cabinet and shelf location, action required)

3.

4. Passive read/write tags affixed to caps of containers

Recognizes whats been put in it Recognizes when things are removed Creates automatic shopping lists Notifies you when things are past their expiration

Shows you the recipes that most closely match what is available

 Track products through their entire lifetime.

 Smart appliances:
Closets that advice on style depending on clothes available. Ovens that know recipes to cook pre-packaged food.

Smart products:
Clothing, appliances, CDs, etc. tagged for store returns.

Smart paper:
Airline tickets that indicate your location in the airport.

Smart currency:
Anti-counterfeiting and tracking.

 RFID tags are very simple to install/inject inside the body of animals, thus helping to keep a track on them. This is useful in animal husbandry and on poultry farms. The installed RFID tags give information about the age, vaccinations and health of the animals. It is better than bar codes as it cannot be easily replicated and therefore, it increases the security of the product. Supply chain management forms the major part of retail business and RFID systems play a key role by managing updates of stocks, transportation and logistics of the product. Barcode scanners have repeatedly failed in providing security to gems and jewellery in shops. But nowadays, RFID tags are placed inside jewelry items and an alarm is installed at the exit doors. The RFID tags can store data up to 2 KB whereas, the bar code has the ability to read just 10-12 digits. Possibility of using multiple tags in a single product

 It is difficult for an RFID reader to read the information in case of RFID tags installed in liquids and metal products. The problem is that the liquid and metal surfaces tend to reflect the radio waves, which makes the tags unreadable. Interference has been observed if devices such as forklifts and walkie-talkies are in the vicinity of the distribution centers It has been referred to as invasive technology. Consumers are apprehensive about their privacy when they purchase products with RFID tags Costly in terms of usage than Barcodes.

1.What are the types of active tags ? a. b. c. d. Beacons & Transistors Betons & Transistors Beacons & Transponders Betons & Transponders

2. Which among these isn't a feature of RFID passive tags? a. b. c. d. Are not self energized High storage capacity Cheaper than Active tags Communicate at short distances

3. Functions of transponder is ? a. Emits an identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal b. Amplifies signal strength c. Is a source of energy for passive tags d. Acts as a memory device

4. Range of Active tags? a. b. c. d. Less than 20 ft 20-50 feet 50-150 ft 160- 300ft

5. RFID Technology is a ? a. b. c. d. Automated Digital Control Automatic Data Collection Automatic Digital Collection Automated Data Control

6. Which among these is not a core components of a RFID system? a. b. c. d. Transponder Transceiver Battery Scanning antenna

7. RFID Vs BarCodes Which among these can hold more data to processed?

8. Can a single product have multiple RFID tags and scanned without any issues ?

9. Is RFID a complement or substitute for Bar Codes?

10. Active vs Passive RFID tags? State 1 advantage and disadvantage for each type.