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Unit 1: Brands
The most distinctive skill of professional marketers is their ability to create, maintain, protect and enhance brands. (Philip Kotler, marketing expert)
Unit 2
Travel
Word choice:
travel travelling journey trip voyage crossing flight
form/means/mode of travel (=the type of vehicle you use) rail/air/space travel TRAVELS [plural] journeys to places that are far away, usually for pleasure
We met some very interesting people on our travels in Thailand.
JOURNEY
1) to talk about travelling a long distance or travelling regularly, when the emphasis is on the travelling itself
a long and difficult journey (NOT travel) through the mountains I read during the train journey to work. Did you have a good journey? (=Were you comfortable, was the train on time etc?)
make a journey/go on a journey (=make a long journey) break a journey (BrE) (=make a short stop in a journey) car/train/bus journey return journey (=a journey home from a place) safe journey (=used especially to wish someone a good journey) wasted journey (=one that did not achieve the result you wanted) leg of a journey (=one part of a journey) 2) (literary) a long and often difficult process by which someone or something changes and develops:
our journey through life The novel is an account of his spiritual journey.
TRIP
when you go on a short journey, or a journey you do not usually make, and come back again Use this when the emphasis is on where you are going or why you are going there :
my first trip to the States a business trip Was it a good trip? (=Did you achieve what you wanted to or have a good time there?)
TRIP
trip to Did you enjoy your trip to Disneyland? trip from The Palace is only a short trip from here. business/school/shopping etc trip a business trip to Japan Two lucky employees won a round-the-world trip. coach/boat/bus trip a boat trip up the Thames day trip (=a pleasure trip done in one day) It's an 80-mile round trip (=a journey to a place and back again) to Exeter. return trip (=when you are travelling back to where you started) I'm afraid you've had a wasted trip (=a trip in which you do not achieve your purpose), Mr Burgess has already left. go on/take a trip We're thinking of taking a trip to the mountains. He was unable to make the trip to accept the award.
VOYAGE
1) used for a long sea journey a voyage across the ocean the Titanic's maiden voyage (=first journey) These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. 2) voyage of discovery: a situation in which you learn a lot of new things about something or someone: Writing a biography is an absorbing voyage of discovery. a voyage of self-discovery (=when you learn more about yourself)
CROSSING
1) used for a fairly short sea journey The crossing takes 90 minutes. 2) a place where you can safely cross a road, railway, river etc: You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing. level crossing (AmE) railroad crossing, pedestrian crossing (AmE crosswalk), pelican crossing, zebra crossing 3) a place where two lines, roads, tracks etc cross: Turn left at the first crossing.
FLIGHT
used for a journey by air Have a good flight! book a flight catch a flight (=get on a plane to go somewhere) miss a flight (=arrive too late to get on a plane) cancel a flight a long/short flight a domestic flight (=to another place in the same country) an international flight (=to another country) a non-stop/direct flight a connecting flight (=a flight to continue a journey, after a previous flight)
Unit 2
Travel experiences
SEATS
seats (NOT chairs or places)
a place where you can sit, especially one in a vehicle or one from which you watch a performance, sports event etc back/rear/front seat (=the back or front seat in a car) driver's seat passenger seat (=the seat next to the driver's seat in acar) window/aisle seat empty/vacant seat front-row seat (=in a theatre, sports ground etc) good seat (=one from which you can see well) have/take a seat show somebody to their seat book/reserve a seat
TROLLEY
1 BrE a large basket on wheels that you use for carrying bags, shopping [= cart AmE] a supermarket trolley 2 BrE a small table on wheels used for serving food [= cart AmE] a drinks trolley the sweet trolley 3 AmE an electric vehicle for carrying passengers which moves along the street on metal tracks [= tram BrE]
QUEUE
(n, v)
(British English) a line of people waiting to enter a building, buy something etc, or a line of vehicles waiting to move [= line AmE]
be/stand/wait in a queue (= to queue - verb) We stood in a queue for half an hour. You'll have to join the queue. queue of a queue of people waiting for the bus queue for the queue for the toilets queue to do something There was a long queue to get into the cinema. the front/head/back/end of a queue At last we got to the front of the queue.
LUGGAGE
the cases, bags etc that you carry when you are travelling [= baggage AmE] They searched his luggage for illegal drugs.
JET LAG
[uncountable] the tired and confused feeling that you can get after flying a very long distance, especially because of the difference in time between the place you left and the place you arrived at: I'm suffering from jet lag but I'll feel better after a good night's sleep. jet-lagged (adjective)
subway city center carry-on baggage one way return freeway rest room elevator coach class timetable car park
underground downtown hand luggage single round trip motorway public toilet lift economy class schedule parking lot
Unit 3
Organisation
Motivation...
(e.g. advertising agencies) > relatively autonomous (not given exact procedures on how to meet objectives) > productive, creative
(e.g. banks) > centralised (exact procedures that must be followed imposed from above)
> only a few levels of hierarchy > the senior management relatively close to the people dealing with clients
FLEXIBILITY
current buzzword 1. flexitime, flextime (within certain limits: particular number of hours, change the times at which to start or finish) 2. flexible working, hot desking (hot desk: a desk which is used by different workers on different days, instead of by the same worker every day) availability of fast broadband Internet connections and mobile phones: home working, teleworking, telecommuting 3.core staff outsourcing/contracting out work as and when required portfolio workers > number of different clients
COMPANY STRUCTURE
HEAD OFFICE the main office of a company BRANCHES/OUTLETS a shop, company, or organization through which products are sold > outlet a local business, shop etc that is part of a larger business etc:
The bank has branches all over the country. a branch office in Boston
COMPANY STRUCTURE
DISTRIBUTION CENTER when goods are supplied to shops and companies for them to sell WAREHOUSE a large building for storing large quantities of goods
warehouse store a type of store that sells things in large amounts, so that you can buy them at a lower price than at normal stores
COMPANY STRUCTURE
CALL CENTRE an office where people answer customers questions, make sales, etc. by using the telephone rather than by meeting people SUBSIDIARY a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company: a subsidiary of a US company
QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION
BUREAUCRATIC involving a lot of complicated official rules and processes FACELESS a faceless person, organization, or building has nothing that makes them special, interesting, or different - used to show disapproval:
He had become just another faceless bureaucrat.
QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION
MARKET-DRIVEN activities, products, developments etc are a result of public demand for a particular product, service, or skill: a market-driven economy LEAN a lean organization, company etc uses only as much money and as many people as it needs, so that nothing is wasted
QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION
FORWARD-LOOKING planning for and thinking about the future in a positive way, especially by being willing to use modern methods or idea [ backward-looking]: a forward-looking Russian statesman RESPONSIVE 1 reacting quickly, in a positive way: a car with highly responsive steering We try to be responsive to the needs of the customer. 2 eager to communicate with people, and to react to them in a positive way: I tried to get him talking, but he wasn't very responsive.
QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION
bureaucratic (de)centralised (im)personal (un)caring (un)democratic market-driven dynamic (un)professional conservative hierarchical progressive (in)efficient faceless forward-looking lean amateurish (un)responsive