SOCIAL SCIENCE III

Southern part of Greece called Peloponnesus

A military state

Spartan education
Military training 7 years old- start of military

Its government is composed by an Assembly and the Council of Elders

Assembly free adult males

and elected officials who voted on major issues Council of Elders Proposed laws on which the Assembly voted.

training in the barracks Wore no shoes, trained in the mornings, slept in hard benches at night Spartan women also ran, wrestled, and played sports They did not however receive military training They had the right to supervise their husbands estates when the latters gone to fight

Located on a rocky hill in eastern Greece Athenians were always eager to learn new ideaseducated to think and act as free people. DEMOCRACY- rule by the people.

SOLON
Given full power to reform

CLEISTHENES
Reorganized the assembly

laws by Athenians Outlawed debt slavery Improved economic trade Neglected land reforms however

to break up the power of the nobility. Increased the power of the Assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage. Council of Five Hundred body that proposed laws and counseled the Assembly.

Marathon (520 BC)

Ionia, Anatolia Darius of Persia wanted

Thermopylae and Salamis

10 years later, Xerxes

to destroy Athens in revenge (even though successfully defeating Ionian Greek rebels) Chose Marathon as venue for the Fight Casualties: 6,400 Persians, 192 Athenians PHEIDIPPIDES

was trying to crush Greece, particularly Athens. Greek city-states were divided
Defenders of Greece Wiser to let Xerxes destroy Athens

THERMOPYLAE Xerxes army met no resistance as it marched down the east coast of Greece. EXCEPT in this narrow mountain pass called Thermopylae.

Salamis
Themistocles convinced Athenians to fight

Persians at sea. Greek ships were able to successfully defeat Persian fleets and Xerxes watched in horror as 1/3 of his fleet sank.

Plataea (479 BC)

The Spartans defeated the rest of the Persians at

the third Battle.

After the Persian Wars, Athens became the leader city-state of the Delian League. The Delian League ended the threat of future attacks from foreign invaders especially Persia. This would embark the start of the Golden Age of Athens.

DIRECT DEMOCRACY

Pericless 3 goals:
To strengthen Athenian

Democracy Hold and strengthen the empire To glorify Athens DIRECT DEMOCRACY- form of govt in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.

GREEK ART

Parthenon Athena (Phidias was the sculptor of Athena) Figures: graceful, strong, and perfectly formed Faces must show only serenity.

DRAMA

TRAGEDY
Aeschylus, Sophocles,

Euripides The Oresteia (Aeschylus) Medea (Euripides) Oedipus the King and Antigone (Sophocles)

COMEDY
Aristophanes Lysistrata

THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

27 year War between Athens and Sparta Supremacy over the whole of Greece Sparta gains the edge over Athens (plague, defeated by Syracuse, a powerful ally of Sparta)

PHILOSOPHY

Philosophers lovers of wisdom SOPHISTS

PROTAGORAS No universal standard of truth Man is the measure of all things.

The unexamined life is not worth living Question yourselves and your moral characters! Student of Socrates Ideal government in THE REPUBLIC Concept of a PHILOSOPHER KING Logic-based arguments, tried to answer problems in psychology, physics, and biology Teacher of Alexander the Great

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

ASSIGNMENT

Read in advance, Hellenistic Civilization & Roman Civilization.