INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK FOR MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS IN INDIA

BY BRIG (DR) BK KHANNA,SM,VSM SENIOR SPECIALIST, NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY, GoI

QUOTE

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CONTENTS
1. Disasters Trend. 2. International Strategy 3. Institutionalizing DM in India 4. Disaster Management Framework. 5. National Vision and Strategy. 6. NDMAs Positioning and Outreach. 7. Tasks Accomplished. 8. Ongoing Activities and Major Initiatives. 9. NDRF and Civil Defence.. 10.Conclusion.

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DISASTERS : TREND

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NATURAL DISASTERS REPORTED: 1975-2008

550

Number of Disasters Reported

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

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DISASTER LOSSES IN THE RICHEST AND POOREST NATIONS (1985-99)

Economic Losses in US $ Billion
700

Economic Losses as % of Gross Domestic Product

16 14

600
500 400 300 200 4 100 0 Richest Nations Richest Nations Poorest Nations Poorest Nations Richest Nations Poorest Nations Poorest Nations Richest Nations

12 10 8 6

2
0

Source: UNISDR 2004, adapted from Munich Re 1999.

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TOTAL AMMOUNT OF DISASTER DAMAGE BETWEEN 1991 AND 2000 IN MILLIONS OF $ US

2,140.2 AFRICA (0 %)

1,64,868.1 (21 %) EUROPE 2,04,434 (26 %) AMERICA

OCEANIA11,753.2 (1 %) ASIA 4,00,641.8 (52 %)

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MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2009

YEAR 1991 1993 1997 1999 1999 2001 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011 Uttarkashi Latur Jabalpur Chamoli Orissa Bhuj SE India Assam & Bihar J&K Mah, Guj, HP, Karnataka, TNadu J&K Bihar West Bengal Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Sikkim PLACES DISASTER Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake S Cyclone Earthquake Tsunami Floods Avalanche Floods Earthquakes Floods (Kosi) Cyclone & Landslides Floods Cyclone Earthquake LOSS OF LIVES (APPROX) 2000 9500 200 2000 9887 14000 15000 700 350 1569 1336 300 264 200 25 70

* Excludes 14-1500 Cas due to natural disaster every year

61301 *

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REASONS: INCREASING TRENDS OF DISASTERS

REASONS 1. 2. 3. Population Increase Global Warming. Mega Cities & Urbanization Add to Multiple Problems.

4.

Total Disregard of the Nature (Deforestation).

CHALLENGES

5.
6.

Unpredictability Factor Very High.

Intensity and Severity Much-Much Higher.

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INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY

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INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION 2005-2015
Integrate Disaster Risk Reduction into Policies, Plans and Programmes of Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction. Member States, Regional Organisations, United Nations System, Financial Institutions and NGOs to Engage Fully in Supporting and Implementing International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and Cooperate to Advance Integrated Approaches to Building Disaster Resilient Nations and Communities. Focus on National Implementation, through bi-lateral, Regional and International Cooperation.

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UN PRIORITIES FOR ACTION

1. Political Commitment and Institutional Aspects. 2. Risk Identification, Assessment, Monitoring and Early Warning. 3. Knowledge Management.

4. Reduction of Underlying Risk Factors (Environment, Social Development, Land Use).

5. Disaster Preparedness and Response.

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VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA

58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity. Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis (75%).

Over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to floods and river erosion.
Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches.

68 per cent of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought.

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INSTITUTIONALIZING DM IN INDIA

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MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS
1. Until 2001 Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry. 2. Committees Set Up by Govt on Disaster Management : High Powered Committee August 1999 (Just Prior to Orissa Super Cyclone).

All Party National Committee Feb 2001 (After Gujarat Earthquake).

Recommendations. High Powered Committee Setting up of a DM Ministry.

Ministry of Home Affairs Setting up of National Disaster Management Authority as a Department of MHA.

3. Responsibility Transferred to MHA in June 2002 as an Interim Arrangement. 4. DM Act passed in December 2005.

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

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SALIENT FEATURES DM ACT

APPROACH Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated Approach. Backed by Institutional Framework and Legal Authority. Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e., Response Fund and Mitigation Fund. DM STRUCTURE NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Honble PM as Chairperson. DM Structure At all three levels i.e. National, State and District. National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of NDMA.

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SALIENT FEATURES DM ACT

NATIONAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVEL
At the Centre Central Ministries will Continue with Nodal Responsibilities. NDMA to Provide Guidance, Coordination and Synergy. State Level SDMA at State Level, headed by Chief Minister. State Executive Committee (SEC), headed by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and monitor implementation of National Policy, National Plan and State Plan. District Level DDMA headed by District Magistrate. Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-Chairperson interface between Govt. and Public. Others National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). National Institute of Disaster Management.

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MANDATE
1. Responsible for Management of all Natural & Man-made Disasters.
2. Lay down Policy and Guidelines. 3. Approve National Disaster Management (DM) Plan and DM Plans of Ministries & Departments. 4. Coordinate enforcement and implementation of policy and plans. 5. Operationalize a Specialized Response Force.

6. NIDM to work under the broad Policies and Guidelines of NDMA.

7. Take such other measures for the prevention of disasters, or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with threatening disaster situations or disasters.

8. Ensure integration of the prevention of disasters or the mitigation of their effects in the developmental Plans and Projects.

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TASKS TO BE DEALT WITH BY EXTANT MECHANISM

1. 2. Terrorism (Counter-Insurgency). Law and Order Situation.

3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Serial Bomb Blasts.

Hijacking. Air accidents. Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapon Systems. Mine Disasters. Ports and Harbour Emergencies. Forest Fires. Oil Field Fires. Oil Spills.
All Cross Cutting Themes will be handled by the NDMA.

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CROSS CUTTING THEMES

TO BE HANDLED BY THE NDMA 1. Formulation of Guidelines, training and preparedness activities will be carried out by the NDMA in respect of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies. 2. The Cross Cutting Themes like Medical Preparedness, PsychoSocial Care and Trauma Management, Community Based Disaster Management, Information & Communication Technology, Training, Preparedness, Awareness Generation, etc. for natural and manmade disasters will be attended to by the NDMA in partnership with the stakeholders concerned.

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ROLE OF NODAL MINISTRIES

(i)
(ii) (iii)

Drought Epidemics & Biological DisasterChemical Disaster -

Ministry of Agriculture.
Ministry of Health. Ministry of Environment.

(iv)
(v) (vi) (vii)

Nuclear Accidents & LeakagesRailway Accidents Air Accidents Natural Disasters & Civil Strife -

Dept. of Atomic Energy.

Ministry of Railways. Ministry of Civil Aviation. Ministry of Home Affairs.

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NATIONAL VISION, STRATEGY & APPROACH

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NATIONAL VISION AND STRATEGY

VISION
To build A SAFE AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and efficient response.

STRATEGY A multi-dimensional Strategy, focusing on

Pre-disaster Phase: 1. Prevention. 2. Mitigation. 3. Preparedness. 4. Capacity Building (NDRF, SDRF, CD, NCC, NYKS etc). 5. Community based Disaster Management (including Public Awareness). Post-disaster Phase: 6. Prompt and Efficient Response Proactive. 7. Reconstruction and Recovery (Building back better).

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APPROACH
1. Paradigm Shift Operationalize national resolve for Paradigm Shift

Away from relief centric and post event response syndrome

to A holistic, integrated and technology driven regime focusing on: Prevention. Preparedness. Mitigation.

2. Filling Gaps and avoiding overlaps synergy and mutual reinforcement.

3. Internal functioning within NDMA through

Disaster Management Divisions, and Committees / Sub Committees.

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MAINSTREAMING DM INTO DEVELOPMENTAL PLAN

1. Modalities finalized with Planning Commission.

All Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) and Public Investment Board (PIB) notes to contain DM Audit Certification.
Need for DM Audit Accepted for (a) All New and Ongoing Projects/ Programmes. (b) Selective revisiting of completed works.

Planning Commission has also agreed to consider additional funds allocation for (a) Ensuring Disaster Resilience. (b) Measures thrown up by the DM Plans prepared by Central Ministries/ Departments and States/ UTs following the Guidelines of the NDMA.

2. All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have DM resilience inbuilt (at times of conceptualization itself). 3. Modalities now being finalized with Finance Ministry, Central Ministries and States.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF

VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

NDRF in Action

KOSI FLOODS AUGUST 08

SAR OPERATION AT BELLARY, KARNATAKA, JANUARY 2010

LANDSLIDE RESCUE, DARJEELING, JUN 09

AP & KARNATAKA FLOODS OCT 09

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

Mock Exercises
URBAN FIRE SHIMLA, 24 May 2010 EARTHQUAKE SRINAGAR, 16 March 2010

FLOODS CHHATISGARH, 29 June 09

CHEMICAL CHEMBUR, 13 May 08

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

School Safety

JVM School, Bellary, KARNATAKA, 17 Jun 09

Mata Jai Kaur Public School, NEW DELHI, 05 May 09

MOCK EXERCISES IN SCHOOLS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

Govt. Inter College, Dhela, Ramnagar, UTTARAKHAND 09 Apr 09

Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. Institute, BARAMULLA, 18 March 2010

Amity International School, GURGAON, 29 Apr 09

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

MEDICAL AND PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS

1. Pandemic Preparedness Beyond Health International Conference held on:

21-22 Apr 08.

2.

Strategy for the Management of H1N1 Pandemic at the National Level

Issued Guidelines for Management of H1N1. Guidelines for Preparedness for Business Continuity. National Workshop for the State Representatives.

05 May 09. 19 May 09. 01 Jun 09. 25 Sept 09.

25

3.

Evolved Strategy to Address H1N1 at National Level on Directions of the Govt.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL

PREPAREDNESS FOR CBRN EMERGENCIES

CBRN Preparedness at National Level Guidelines Issued (Unclassified). Preparation of National Plan. Capacity Building at Underway National Level.

CBRN Security Commonwealth Games NDMA made responsible for CBRN Security Plan for Commonwealth Games. Plan handed over on 06 Nov 2009.

Parliament Security

NDMA made responsible for conceptualizing Parliament House Security Plan. Our Plan approved by JPC.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF SUPPORTING/ ENABLING MEASURES

DM Act

National Policy

Mainstreaming of DM into Governance NDMA Guidelines on Disasters/ Themes

Formulation of Plans (Ministries/ States)

Measures Structural Non-Structural

Disaster Resilience of Infrastructure Projects : Audit and Corrective Actions New Programmes/ Ongoing Programmes/ Revisit Completed Projects Projects Projects (on selective basis) Support From Planning Commission Finance Ministry Promises Investment Support. Amends check memos
for including Disaster Resilience Audit (self-certification of all infrastructural Projects).
Estimated Value of Physical Infrastructure proposed during 11th Five Year Plan period

Finance Commission

Provided Requisite Financial Support in various aspects.

1,28,160 Cr.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF SUPPORTING/ ENABLING MEASURES

DM Act

National Policy

Mainstreaming of DM into Governance NDMA Guidelines on Disasters/ Themes

Formulation of Plans (Ministries/ States)

Measures Structural Non-Structural
Reporting Item in NDC Agenda. Enabling Regulatory Environment Laws/ Regulations/ Codes. Education. Training of Functionaries (Govt./ PRI/ ULB). Awareness Generation. Capacity Building (Includes Response Forces & Community).

Reporting Item in NDC Agenda. Subject of DM will be included as a Standing Item in the Agenda of Inter-State and Zonal Councils. Reporting Item in the National Development Council.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF SUPPORTING/ ENABLING MEASURES

Advocacy with Central Ministries and States to Enact/ Amend Zoning/ Building Regulations and 12 States Already Done. Codes. Education Hitherto confined to Schools only. Now to encompass entire Higher/ Technical Education. All Undergraduate Courses. Medical. Under Active Engineering. Progress. Architecture. Already Included. Agriculture. : A Committee with Addl Secy MoHRD as the Chairperson with representatives of UGC, AICTE, etc has been formed.

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NDMA POSITIONS ITSELF SUPPORTING/ ENABLING MEASURES

Awareness Generation Earthquakes. Cyclones. Floods.

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TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

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TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

National Policy on Disaster Management (DM)

Approved by the Government on 22 Oct 09.

Guidelines
Guidelines for NIDMs Functioning. Recommendations on Revamping of CD & Fire Services. Earthquakes. Chemical (Industrial) Disasters. Formulation of State DM Plans.

Issued 27
13 Apr 06. Dec 06. 16 May 07. 28 May 07. 16 Aug 07.

Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty Management.

Floods.

14 Nov 07.
17 Jan 08.

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TASKS ACCOMPLISHED Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water Reservoirs. Mechanism to Detect, Prevent and Respond to Radiological Emergencies in India. Management of the Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster. Minimum Standards of Relief Food in Relief Camps. Sanitation & Hygiene in Disaster Relief. Water Supply in Relief Camps. Medical Cover in Relief Camps. 26 Jul 10. 11 Aug 10. 17 Aug 10.

30 Aug 10.

Tsunami. Drought.

03 Sep 10. Handed over to Secretary Agriculture on 24 Sep 10. Handed over on 24 Sep 10.
27 Sep 2010.

Role of NGOs in Disaster Management

Urban Flooding

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ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES

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ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES

1. Guidelines Under Finalization.

Curriculum for Training of Civil Defence. Community Based Disaster Management. National Guidelines on Communication & Information Network. Nuclear Radiological Part II (Classified.) Micro Finance & Risk Insurance. Post Disaster Reconstruction. Protection of Cultural Heritage & Monuments. Fire Services

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ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES: CAPACITY BUILDING

2.

Mock Exercises (Districts & Schools) Conducted so far. : 429 (including 130 Schools/ Colleges).
States/ UTs Covered 35. Venues, Districts Covered on 84. Exercises Conducted all Natural Disasters, Fire, Man-made Disasters and School Safety.

Community and First Responders : Over 22.0 Lakhs. Sensitized/ Trained.

3.

For Commonwealth Games (All Competition/ Practice Games Village & Places of Stay) : 60. IPL-2011 : 05

Delhi Metro, 26 March 2010

Flood, Bellary, 14 Sep 2009

Cyclone, Porbander, 19 Jun 09

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ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES: CAPACITY BUILDING

4.

Chemical (Industrial) Disasters.

Exercises.
Major Accident Hazard (MAH) Units Exercised.

: 40
: 69.

MAH Industries Sensitized.

On Site Workers Participated.

: 138.
: 1,11,700.

Off-Site People Sensitized.

On-Site Plans Prepared.

: 4.37 Lakhs.
: 1833 (Out of 1866 in 304 Districts) 98%.

Off-Site Plans Prepared.

: 171 (For Remaining Work in Progress).

IOCL PANIPAT, HARYANA, 21 MAY 2010

SURAT, HAZIRA, GUJARAT, 28 MARCH 2008

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ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES

4. Mitigation Projects
National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project 13 States/UTs National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project - All Zone IIII, IV & V States National School Safety Project 22 States, 2 districts each and 200 schools per district.

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NDRF AND CIVIL DEFENCE

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NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

Disaster Management Act 2005 :

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Section 44 (1) : There shall be constituted a National Disaster Response Force for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster. Section 44 (2) : Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Force shall be constituted in such manner and, the conditions of service of the members of the Force, including disciplinary provisions therefore, be such as may be prescribed. Section 45 : The general superintendence, direction and control of the Force shall be vested and exercised by the National Authority and the command and supervision of the Force shall vest in an officer to be appointed by the Central Government as the Director General of the National Disaster Response Force.

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TEAM COMPOSITION
Organization: 10 Bns x 18 teams of 45 men each = 180 = 8100 personnel Including Technicians, Doctors, Trauma Specialists and Dog Squads.

Each Bn to have 1149 personnel. Each Bn to have 18 specialist teams of 45 members to handle natural & NBC disasters. Each team of 45 to have 2 Engineers, 2 Paramedics, 1 Technician, 1 Electrician & 1 Dog Squad. Total no. 18 teams x10 Bn = 180 teams.

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ROLE OF NDRF
Specialized Response during disasters. Assist in Community Training & Preparedness.

Impart basic and operation level training to State Disaster Response Forces (Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards).
Proactive Deployment during impending disaster situations.

Liaison, Reconnaissance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills.

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NDRF BNS LOCATIONS

PATNA
BHATINDA GHAZIABAD BHUBANESHWAR (Mundali)

GUWAHATI

KOLKATA

VADODARA PUNE (Talegaon)

VIJAYAWADA

CHENNAI (Arakkonam)

LEGEND
BNs CBRN BNs New Raisings

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AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS

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NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

4. Rescue Operations and Community Sensitized by NDRF.

People Rescued in Floods. People Sensitized for Disaster Response. : 3.75 Lakhs. : 11.56 Lakhs.

Training of Instructors (State Disaster Response : 385 (25 States). Forces).

Deployed 135 Times 25 States.

Rescue During Cyclone Aila, WEST BENGAL

Rescue During Pawna River Floods, PUNE

NDRF Community Training, BIHAR, June July 2008

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UPGRADATION OF CIVIL DEFENCE

1. Civil Defence to be District centric rather than Town centric Organization (Voluntary basis). 2. Revamping of CD in 100 Districts in terms of purchase of equipment and transport as part of Pilot Project. 3. Upgradation of 20 existing CD Training Institutes and construction of 10 new Training Institutes. Rs. 100 Cr. approved by the Government for Revamping of the Civil Defence (Pilot Project).

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION
NDMAs approach has been of Transition from Linear and Incremental Improvements to a Regime of Structural Reforms and Systemic Changes. Plant has taken deep roots. Needs careful nurturing for over 5 - 10 Years. Armed Forces would continue to be called in aid to civil authorities for managing national level disasters in foreseeable future. The substantial initial momentum gained must be sustained and capacity of the States, Districts and Community has to be built up.

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THANK YOU