WELCOME TO ALL YOU

Introduction to Energy & Its Aspects

At I.C.R.E. GARGOTI by C.B. Laykar Junior Engineer , MSEDCL .

Energy is defined as : The ability to do work Why it is Required :-

To Survive human & animal being on the earth which is one for all us. Samples of Activity that requires energy for Human Activities
Minimum to Survival 1000 Kcal. White Collar work 2000 Kcal. Various Construction activities 5000 Kcal.

Big bang- formation of the Universe- 13.7 b years. Evolution of life on the Earth - Solar Energy Man and animal - 4-5 million B.C. Muscular Energy of Man - Food Collection - Fetching of Water - Security Muscular Energy of Animals - Agriculture - Fetching of Water - Transport - Security

 Energy is broadly classified into two forms

Potential Energy - Chemical , Nuclear , Stored Mechnical , Gravitational. Kinetic Energy -Electric , Radiant , Thermal , Motion , Sound

Law of Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy is an empirical law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time (is said to be conserved over time). Energy Cannot be created or distroyed but can be converted from one form to another with loss in the form of thermal energy.

Heating value

The heating value or calorific value of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is a characteristic for each substance. It is measured in units of energy per unit of the substance, usually mass, such as: kcal/kg, kJ/kg, J/mol, Btu/m. Heating value is commonly determined by use of a bomb calorimeter.

Basics of energy resources

- Commercial and noncommercial energy resources - Primary and Secondary energy resources - Fossil and nonfossil resources - Renewable and nonrenewable resources - Polluting and nonpolluting resources - Indigenous and important resources

Bio energy Coal Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Hydro Nuclear Solar Wind

Energy Resources

Geothermal
Tidal

COMPARISON OF ENERGY RESOURCES

Calorific value of a fuel

The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion, at constant pressure and under normal conditions. ( i.e. 00C and under pressure of 1.013 mbar) kcal / kg, MJ / kg

Calorific value of Different Fuels

Fuels Values

Commercial fuels Coal gross calorific value)a Hard coal Lignite brown coal Charcoal Petroleum products (net calorific value) LPG Gasoline/naphtha Kerosene Jet fuel Fuel oil Natural gas

5000 2310 6900 10800 10500 10300 10400 9600 8000 - 9480 860

Biomass Agricultural residues Paddy straw Rice husk Mango leaves Groundnut Sugarcane Wheat straw Cotton stalks Maize stalks Maize cobs Bajra stalks Gram straw Masoor straw Moong straw Forestry residues Wood wastes Bark

3000 3040 3390 4200 3800 3800 4700 3500 3850 3950 3810 3980

2500 - 3850 2500 - 2850

Animal wastes Cow dung Cow dung cake

3290 3140

Global population-last 2.5million years

Relative Energy Consumption (1990 = 1.0)

7
Industrialised Countries

6 5 4 3 2 1

Developing Countries Total World

0
2000

l 2100

2050 Year Prediction of World Energy Consumption 2000-2100

World Population and Energy/Electricity Demand

WORLDS PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR THE YEAR 2000

4500 4000
3519 3510 3562 3637 3861

TO 2011
3767 3890 3953 3960 3882 4031 4059 3724 3532 3090 3178 3286 3278 2843 2653 2905

3500 Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
617 594 601 54 593 611 61 595 599 66 634 624 2412 2286 2578 2332 2957 2778 2420 2512 2575

Oil Natural Gas Coal

2638

2717

2217 2157

2255 2164

667 627 84

688 688 94

709 622 107

731

740

779

791

500 0

585 50

620 123

610

626 165

599 195

75

141

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Year

WORLD'S PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND FOR THE YEAR 2000-2030

6000
5500 5000 4700 4300

5000

Million Tonnes Of Oil Equivalent

4000
3200

4000 3700

4000 3700 3100 3300

3500 3200

Oil Natural Gas

3000 2200
2300

2700
2800 2900

3000

Coal
Nuclear Energy Hydro-Electricity Renewables

2000 20002200

1000

600

650

700

700 450 370

650 480 400

630 500 430

600 600 480

0 200

200

250 250

320 300

2000

2005

2010

2015 Year

2020

2025

2030

Sr. No.

Name of Primary Fossil Fuel / Source

Projected Demand in Million Of Tonnes of Oil Equivalent At The End of 2030

Percentage of Share

1 2 3

Oil Natural gas Coal

5500 4000 3600

36.54 26.58 23.92

4
5 6

Nuclear Energy
Hydro-Electricity Renewable Energy

850
450 650

5.65
2.99 4.32

Total

15050

100

PROJECTED DEMAND OF ENERGY RESOURCES FOR YEAR 2030

Sr. No. 1 2 Oil Natural gas

Name of Primary Fossil Fuel Source

Reserve /Production Ratio At The End of 2011 54.2 63.6

Coal

112

WORLDS ENERGY RESOURCES POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name of Primary Energy Proven Reserves of India & Availability At The End Reserve to Production source Of Year 2011 Ratio Oil 5.7 ( Thousands of Million Barrels) 18.2 Natural gas 1.2 ( Trillion Cubic Meters) 26.9 Coal 60600 (Million Tonnes) 103 Nuclear Energy 49.8 ( Thousand Tonnes of Uranium) ---Hydro-electricity 660 (TWh/Yr.) ---Renewable Energy 118000 ( Mega Watt) ----

INDIAS ENERGY RESOURCES POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Energy Sr. No. Year Requirement in MU. 840544 876856 933741 Availability in MU. 762115 784006 837374 Deficit MU -78429 -92849 % Age -9.3 -10.6

1 2 3

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

-96367

-10.3

INDIAS ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2009 TO 2011
Sr. No. 1 2 3 Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Demand in MW 118794 126951 136193 Peak Net Availability in MW 103794 111533 118676 Deficit MW % Age -14978 -12.6 -15418 -12.1 -17517 -12.9

INDIAS PEAK ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Peak Demand

Energy

Sr. No.

Year

Demand (MW)

Availability (MW)

Surplus (+)/Deficit (-)

Requireme Availability nt (MU) (MU)

Surplus (+)/Deficit (-)

MW 1 2009 -10 18900 15019

% Age 136800 94486

MU

% Age

- 3881 - 20.54

- 42314 - 30.93

2010 -11

18700

14219

- 4481

- 24

113191

100007

- 13184 - 11.6

2011 -12

20200

14678

- 5522

-27.3

124632

101123

- 23509 - 18.9

MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2009 TO 2011

Sr. No.

Sector

Energy Consumed in Billion KWH.

Energy Conservation Potential in Billion KWH

Avoided Percentage of Generation due Energy Saving to Conservation Potential in MW.

1 2 3 4

Industry Domestic Agriculture Pumping Municipalities

265.38 120.92 92.33 12.45

18.57 24.16 27.79 2.88

6.99 19.98 30.09 23.13

2114.07 2750.46 3163.71 327.87

Commercial Building /Establishments with load more than 500 KW

9.92

1.98

19.95

225.41

Total

501.00

75.38

15.04

8554.52

INDIAS SECTORWISE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL

Sr. No.

Name of Program

Electricity Saved in MU

Avoided Generation in MW.

1 2

Standard & Labeling Saving due to Energy Conservation Award

4369 2450.6

2468.9 358.6

Energy saving due to programs by State Designated Agency

4588.25

855.66

Energy conservation Building Code (ECBC 2007)

144

27.5

Bachat Lamp Yojana TOTAL

24 11575.85

20 3730.66

INDIAS ENERGY SAVING ACHIEVED IN YEAR 2009- 10

INDIAS CAPACITY ADDTION ACHIEVED IN YEAR 2009- 10

Energy Scenario Summary

1
2

Energy is essential for development which improves the quality of life.

Out of 6.5 b population of the planet, 2 b people do not have access to energy, hence live in poverty. Population control is the most effective factor in improving the economy. 60 % energy increase, over 2000, is forecast for the year 2050. Increasing use of energy is causing climate change, acid rain, increase in energy prices and depletion of recourses . All nations must agree urgently on reduction of CO2 emissions. Energy conservations increasing efficiency in generation and utilization is very essential. Changes in life styles in developed nations is urgently needed. Geopolitical problems will arise because of shortage of energy resources, supply control, prices etc. Use of clean energy like nuclear, solar, wind and biomass is to be increased rapidly to reduce CO2 emissions.

3 4

6 7