Cells: Part One Structures and Function

All images in this presentation are public domain unless otherwise indicated. Photo credit is given where required.

STUDYING CELLS!
MINUTE MADNESS! How much do you already know about cells? On your hand out write down 5 things you know about cells Discuss Get ready to find out more!

Blood cell

Bone marrow cell

Lung cell
Photo by Markus Nolf

Bacteria cell

Leaf cell
Nerve cell
Picture by: Nicolas.Rougier

Sperm & Egg cells (Sex cells)

People did not know cells existed until the discovery of the microscope . The microscope was invented by Robert Hooke in 1665 and therefore he was the first person to see cells. When Hooke saw cork cells he compared them to the small rooms in a monastery which were called cells and coined the word cell

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1683)was the first person to observe living organisms in pond water.

"Commons" and "Wikipedia"

Compound Light Microscope

Uses a series of glass lenses to magnify images

Click to see magnifications

Click here!

A cell is the smallest functioning part of an organism.

The shape of a cell is related to function why do you think blood cells are smooth and round but nerve cells have many long projections? Cells vary in size and shape. Click here to have a look at an animation that illustrates the size of cells
Some Organisms are Unicellular = composed of ONE cell Some organisms are Multicellular = composed of MANY cells

Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells.

Cells are the basic units of all living things.

All cells are produced from existing cells. Schleiden,Schwann

and Virchow

Prokaryotes
smallest & simplest cells lack a nucleus lack organelles no specialized functions. Example: Bacteria

Eukaryotes
have a nucleus

have organelles
Have specialized functions. Example: plant & animal cells

Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria.. Unlike Eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus that houses its genetic material. Rather, the genetic material of a prokaryote cell consists of a large DNA molecule in the cytoplasm

Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are asexual, meaning their offspring nearly always have the exact characteristics of the parent cell. The prokaryotic cell replicates itself according to its own DNA.

Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells - Can be unicellular (protists such as paramecium and amoebae) or multicellular (animals, and plants or fungi).

Wikipedia

Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells are the more complex cells of plants and animals. They have specialized organelles. Eukaryotic DNA is enclosed by a membrane making a well defined nucleus.
Note that this is a plant cell animal cells are also eukaryotic

Eukaryotes
Cell division in eukaryotes is different from prokaryotes. There are two types of division processes involved in eukaryotic cells. The first is called mitosis, one cell divides to produce two genetically-identical cells. The second is meiosis, which is required in sexual reproduction, cells undergo recombination of each pair of parental chromosomes.

Eukaryotes Plant Cells

(click here for picture)

Animal Cells
(click here for picture)

have cell walls have chloroplasts have a large vacuole tend to be squared or rectangular

have only cell membranes

have smaller vacuoles

tend to be round

After you have looked at plants and animals individually click here to compare

Go Back

 Back

Can you spot a few differences between plant and animal cells?

Similarities Both Plant and Animal Cells have:

A Nucleus with a nuclear envelope

A Nucleolus

Ribosomes

Cell Membranes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (both Smooth and Rough )

Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondria

Plant Cells have

Chloroplasts an organelle
which allows the plant to make its own food)

Animal Cells have

Lysosomes involved
in cellular digestion they contain enzymes which break down wastes and cellular debris

Vacuoles (large)- Some

animal cells have small vacuoles but plant vacuoles hold water and take up a lot of room they provide structure and support for the cell

Cell Walls a hard outer

Centrioles Involved in
cellular reproduction.

shell that also provides structure for the cell its a carbohydrate that we call fiber

Further Study
Review this material using this link This website has an excellent review of all these topics Further sections of this Unit Include: Cells part 2 The Plasma Membrane Cells part 3 Organelles Cells part 4 Transport in Cells