NANOMANUFACTURING

Nanotechnology:
The term was first proposed by K. Eric Drexler in the 1970's.
A nanometer is one billionth of a meter

It involves the manipulation of the structure of matter atom-by-atom.

It is currently undergoing extensive

development It has not yet yielded significantly useful commercial product

Definition:
Nonmanufacturing is a term used to describe either the production of nanoscaled materials, which can be powders or fluids, or

to describe the manufacturing of parts "bottom up" from nanoscaled materials or "top down" in smallest steps for high precision

Why Nanoscale ?????

High Hardness
More Toughness No Quantum Forces

The Complete Process:

Nonmanufacturing Vs. Traditional mfg.

Bottom -up

Products are manufactured one atomic particle at a time. Top- down Every product begins with a bulk material processes and is subsequently refined down

Nonmanufacturing Approaches :
Top Down and Bottom Up
Self Assembly Lithography Electron Beam Induced Deposition

Top Down:
Design begins by specifying complex pieces and then dividing them into successively smaller pieces. This approach is deterministic, so it gives control over the process
As smaller and smaller structures are built, it

gets exponentially expensive

Problems with the Top-down Process:

Cost of new machines and clean room

environments grows exponentially with newer technologies. Physical limits of photolithography are becoming a problem. With smaller geometries and conventional materials, heat dissipation is a problem.

Bottom up:
The individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail.
These elements are then linked together to

form larger subsystems This strategy often resembles a "seed" model, whereby the beginnings are small, but eventually grow in complexity and completeness.

Why is Bottom-Up Processing Needed?

Allows smaller geometries than

photolithography. Certain structures such as Carbon Nanotubes and Si nanowires are grown through a bottom-up process. Is more economical than top-down in that it does not waste material to etching. Can make formation of films and structures much easier.

Methods Of Bottom Up Approach:

Self Assembly :

- its the natures way techniques . - efficient way than conventional techniques . Molecular Assembly: - its the mans way techniques . - much more emphasis on smaller and smaller machines

Challenges for the BottomUp Approach

Making sure that the structures grow and assemble in the correct way.
Forming complex patterns and structures

using self assembly. Contamination has a significant impact on devices with such small geometries. Fabricating robust structures.

Lithography:
Electron Beam lithography:
Nano-iprint Lithography : Focused Ion Beam

Electron Beam lithography:

Nano imprint lithography:

Focused Ion Beam:

Nano manipulation :
The main tools used in nanotechnology are three main microscopes
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

Other uses of nanotools:

Applications:
Chronometry Devices.
Sensor units. Optical devices. Biomedical products. Computing and information storage devices. Smart materials using nanoscale devices.

Applications:

Applications:
This chain of microscopic gears can be

used to drive micro-engines at speeds of up to 25,000 rpm. Longer chains can also be used in complex applications.

Nano Gear:

THANK YOU