MICRO TEACHING

Rajakumar

Rajakumar

What is Teaching?
Teaching is not merely imparting knowledge to students, nor merely giving advice. Teaching is not passing information to the students. Teaching is not sharing ones own experience.

Dr G L Gulhane

What is Teaching?

The best approach to understanding the nature of teaching is establishing a harmonious relationship between teacher, student and subject. Teaching is the activity of facilitating learning. Effectiveness in teaching does not relate to teachers age, sex, and teaching experience. One can become an effective teacher irrespective of his/her age, sex and experience.
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Defects in Teaching: 1. More Teachers talk: Most of the time in the classroom, is devoted to teachers talk, and students get very little opportunity to express themselves.

Defects in Teaching

2. Only memory level: During classroom interaction, teacher tends to promote mostly learning requiring memory level thinking.

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3. More information & less explanation: Most of the teachers spend more time in giving information and less on clarifying ideas and still less time for giving explanations. 4. Less chance of encouragement: A very low percentage of teachers time in the classroom is used for making encouraging remarks. 5. No planning: Most of the teachers are not systematic in planning and carrying out instruction.

Defects in Teaching

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Defective Teaching Learning Process

Dr G L Gulhane

What is learning?
Change in behavior brought about by activity, training or experiences.

*Learning never ends.

*Anyone who stops learning is old, Dr G L Gulhane whether at twenty or eighty.
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Learning Knowledge acquired by study. Learning happens and knowledge is generated in an environment where interaction between teachers, students and content takes place in interactive ways. There is a famous saying: I hear I forget; I see I remember; I do I understand.

How learning happens? .:

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Research around the world also suggest:

How learning happens? 20% of what we hear; 30% of what we see; .:

50% of what we see and hear; 90% of what we see, hear & do.
Cont.

We remember ..

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How learning happens? hear 30 see .: 90

50

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hear & see hear, see & do

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A shift from: A shift to: 1. Knowledge transmitter, 1. Learning facilitator, primary source of in Teacher Role coach, collaborator, Changes information, content mentor, knowledge expert, and source of all navigator, and colearner. answers. 2. Teacher gives students 2. Teacher controls and more options and directs all aspects of learning responsibilities for their own learning
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A shift from:
1. Passive recipient of Changes in information. 2. Reproducing knowledge.

Student Roleprocess. learning

A shift to: 1. Active participant in the

2. Producing and sharing knowledge, participating at times as expert. 3. Learning collaboratively with others

3. Learning as a solitary activity

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Microteaching
Dr. Allen and his group evolved Microteaching in 1963 in America.

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Meaning: The teaching of a small unit of content to the small group of students (6-10 number) in a small Microteaching amount of time (5-7 min.) means Micro Teaching.

What is

*It is a skill training technique. *It is a short session teaching.

*To train inexperience student-teachers for acquiring teaching skills. *To improve the skills of experience teachers.

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Microteaching Cycle (Procedure)

Step- I

: Micro Lesson Plan ( may take 2 hours / a day) Step-II : Teach 5 Min. Step-III : Feedback Session 5 Min. Step-IV : Re-plan 10 Min. Step-V : Re-teach Another group 5 Min. Step-VI : Re-feedback 5 Min. --------------Total 30 Min. (Appr.)
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Dr G L Gulhane

Characteristics of Microteaching
The duration of teaching as well as number of students are less. 2) The content is divided into smaller units which makes the teaching easier. 3) Only one teaching skill is considered at a time. 4) There is a provision of immediate feedback. 5) In micro teaching cycle, there is facility of re-planning, reteaching and re-evaluation. 6) It puts the teacher under the microscope 7) All the faults of the teacher are observed. 8) The problem of discipline can also be controlled.
1)

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Comparison Between Micro Teaching and Traditional Teaching

Traditional Teaching
1. Class consists of 40 to 60 students. 2. The teacher practices several skills at a time. 3. The duration is 40 to 45 minutes.

Micro teaching
Class consists of a small group of 6 to 10 students. The teacher takes up one skill at a time. Duration of time for teaching is 5 to 7 minutes.

1. 2. 3.

4. Immediate feed-back is not available.

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4. There is immediate feedback.

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Cont.

Comparison Between Micro Teaching and Traditional Teaching

Traditional Teaching
5. There is no control over situation.
6. 7. Teaching becomes complex. The role of the supervisor is vague ( not clear).

Micro teaching

5. Teaching is carried on under controlled situation.

6. 7. Teaching is relatively simple. The role of the supervisor is specific and well defined to improve teaching. Pattern of classroom interaction can be studied objectively.
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8. Pattern of classroom interaction cannot be studied.

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Components of Micro teaching Techniques

1. Student Teacher- The student who gets the training of a teacher is said to be studentteacher. Various capacities are developed in them during training such as capacity of class management, capacity of maintaining discipline and capacity of organizing various programmes of the school / college etc. 2. Feedback Devices- Providing feedback is essential to make changes in the behavior of the pupils. This feedback can be provided through video-tape, audio-tape and feedback questionnaires.
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Components of Micro teaching Techniques

Skill: As we know, skill means ability to do something well or expertness. Teaching Skills- Teaching skill is a set of teacher behaviors which are specially effective in bringing about the desired changes in pupils.
For example: a) lecturing skill, b) skill of black-board writing, c) skill of asking questions, d) skill of class management etc.

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Skills of Micro Teaching

1.

Introduction Skill 4. Skill of Stimulus Variation

2. Skill of Probing Questions

5. Skill of Blackboard Writing 3. Skill of Explanation 6. Skill of Achieving Closure

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Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Introduction Skill Skill of Probing Questions 3. Skill of Explanation Skill of Stimulus Variation Skill of Black-board Writing Skill of Achieving Closure
1.

2.

4. 5. 6.

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Cont.
1.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Introduction Skill: The skill of introducing a lesson

involves establishing rapports with the learners, promoting their attentions, and exposing them to essential contents. Components of this skilla) Preliminary Attention Gaining: Normally, at the beginning of a lesson, students are found not to be attentive and mentally prepared for learning. They may be thinking something else too. In such situation, the primary duty of a teacher is to create desire for learning among the students. Teacher can do it by telling a story, with the help of demonstration, recitation, etc.

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Cont.
b)

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Use of previous knowledge: Previous knowledge refers to the learners level of achievements before instruction begins. Use of previous knowledge is a must, because it helps to establish an integration between the pre-existing knowledge of the learner and the new knowledge that the teacher wants to impart him. c) Use of Appropriate Device: In order to motivate the learner, the teacher should make use of appropriate devices or techniques while introducing a lesson. For example- dramatization, models, audio-visual aids etc. b) Link with new topic: After preliminary questions and introduction, teachers should establish a link of previous knowledge with present topic.
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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Instructions: 1. Use only one word of seven letters for first blank. 2. Split the same word into two different words and filled in reaming two blanks. 3. Dont change sequence of letters. Complete the following sentence: The - - - - - - - surgeon was - - - - - - - to perform operation because he had - - - - - - - .
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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Complete sentence: The Notable surgeon was not able to perform operation because he had no table .

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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Answer the following:

1. Golden jubilee + Today's date Silver jubilee = ..

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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Answer the following:

2. Children day Valentine day + independence day = ..

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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Answer the following:

3. Heads of Ravan X Palms of human body - Republic day = ..

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Cont.

Examples on Introduction Skill

Answer the following:

4. Eyes + Nose Ears + Teeth Hands Tongue =

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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

i.

2. Skill of Probing Question: Probing questions are those which help the pupils to think in depth about the various aspects of the problem. By asking such questions again, the teacher makes the pupils more thoughtful. He enable the pupils to understand the subject deeply. The components of this skill are: Prompting:- When a pupil expresses his inability to answer some question in the class or his answer is incomplete, the teacher can ask such questions which prompt the pupils in solving the already asked questions. For example- Do you know names of Vice Chancellors of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University since 1983?
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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Skill of Probing Question: ii. Seeking Further Information: When the pupils answer correctly in the class but the teacher wants more information and further clarification from the learner by putting how and why of correct part the response. iii. Refocussing : When the teacher ask the same question from other pupil for comparison . This is known as Refocussing. iv. Redirecting Questions: Questions which are directed to more than one learner to answer, are called redirected questions.

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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

3. Skill of Explanation: To present the subject-matter in the

simplified form before the pupils and making it acquirable is known as Explanation Skill. It involves a ability of the teacher to describe logically How, Why and What of concept, event etc. Components of this skill are: i. Clear beginning statement: Before starting any explanation, the teacher should make the pupils aware of what he is to teach on that day through a clear beginning statement. ii. Lack of Irrelevant Statement: While presenting the subject matter, only the concerned statements should be used.
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Cont.
iii.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Fluency in Language: The teacher should use such fluent language that the pupils may listen and understand the thoughts of the teachers. iv. Connecting Links: This technique is used primarily to explain the links in statements with so, therefore, because, due to, as a result of, in order to etc. v. Use of Proper Words: The teacher should use proper words for enplaning an object or an event otherwise he would be in a state of confusion. Precautions for skill of Explaining: a) It should be in simple language. b) It should not be given the shape of an advice. c) The thoughts included in it should be in a sequence. d) Irrelevant things should not be included in it. e) It should be according to the age, experience and mental level of the pupils.
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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

4. Skill of Stimulus Variation: Stimulus variation is described as

deliberate change in the behaviors of the teacher in order to sustain the attention of his learners throughout the lesson. Stimulus variation determines teacher liveliness in the classroom. The components of this skill are: i. Body Movement: The physical movements of the teacher in the class is to attract the attention of the learners. Sudden body movement and suddenly stopping the same helps in gaining learners attention at high level. The teacher without these activities is like a stone-idol. Excess movement is undesirable. ii. Gestures: Gesture involves the movements of the head, hand, and facial gestures (laughing, raising eyebrows, emotions, etc) signals. This technique helps the teacher to be more expressive and dynamic in presenting his lesson in the class.
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Cont.
iii.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Change in Voice: Teacher should bring fluctuations in his voice. The pupils feel boredom with the speech at the same pitch, and pupils get deviated from the lesson. iv. Focussing: Focussing implies drawing the attention of the learners towards a particular point which the teacher wishes to emphasize. Such technique involves verbal focusing, gestural focusing, or verbal-gestural focusing. v. Eye-contact and eye-movement: Both the eye-contact and eyemovement play very important role in conveying emotions and controlling interaction between the teacher and taught. In a classroom situation, this technique implies that the teacher should maintain eye-contact with the learners in order to sustain the attention of the latter.

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Cont.
vi.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

Pausing: Pausing refers to short and deliberate intervals of silence used while delivering ideas, explaining, lecturing, etc. Deliberate use of short pauses help the teacher to attract and sustain the attention of his learners. But too long pauses may be irritating.

5. Skill of Black-board Writing: Blackboards, being the

visual aids, are widely used in all aspects of education and training, and are most suitable for giving a holistic picture of the lesson. A good blackboard work brings clearness in perception and the concepts being taught, and adds variety to the lesson.

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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

The components of the skill of blackboard writing are:

i. Legibility ( Easy to read ) ii. Size and alignment ( In a straight line ) iii. Highlighting main points iv. Utilization of the space v. Blackboard summary vi. Correctness vii. Position of the teacher and viii.Contact with the pupils.

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i.

Legibility ( Easy to read ): A legible handwriting on the blackboard draws the attention of the learners and encourages them to improve upon their handwritings. In order to make handwritings more legible, the teacher should see that a clear distinction is ensured between every letter, adequate space is maintained between individual letters and words. ii. Size and Alignment: The size of the letters written by the teacher on the board should be uniform and large enough to be read from the last row. The size of the capital letters should be larger than that of the small letters and the handwritings should be as vertical as possible without being diverged from a line.
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Writing Skill

Writing Skill
iii. Highlighting Main Points: The main points or words written on the board should only be highlighted by underlying them. Colored chalks should be used suitably for the purpose of drawing the learners attention to those main points that need to be highlighted too. iv. Utilization of the Space: For the proper utilization of the space important words or statements should be written on the board. Overwriting on the letters should be avoided as it makes the blackboard work untidy. Only essential materials should be retained on the blackboard and unnecessary words should be rubbed off.
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Writing Skill
v. Blackboard Summary: In order to make teaching meaningful to the learners the teacher should develop blackboard summary at the end of the lesson. This should be so brief that the learners can recollect the whole lesson at a glance. vi. Correctness: While constructing sentences on the board, the teacher should be careful about correct spelling, punctuation, grammar, etc.

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Writing Skill
vii. Position of the Teacher: The position of teacher should not be in between the learners and the blackboard. viii. Contact with Pupils: The teacher, at the time of writing on the board, should maintain eye-contact with his learners. This is necessary for controlling interactions, maintaining disciplines, sustaining attentions of the learners, etc.

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Blackboard Writing Skill

i. Legibility ( Easy to read ): A legible handwritin

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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Cont.

Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

6. Skill of Achieving Closure:

When a student- teacher delivers lecture and sums up properly and in an attractive way, the skill is termed as Closure Skill. The lesson/period remains ineffective in the absence of proper closure.

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Feedback in Micro teaching

Feedback is the information supplied to the individual. The success of micro teaching depends on feedback. Which can also be used within the process of teaching as well as after the lesson taught. It is used in various forms in case of micro teaching by the supervisor, video-tape, films, T.V., which are various sources of feedback.

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1. It focuses on sharpening and developing specific teaching skills and eliminating errors. 2. It enables understandingMicroteaching Advantages Of of behaviours important in class-room teaching. 3. It increases the confidence of the learner teacher. 4. It is a vehicle of continuous training for both beginners and for senior teachers. 5. It provides experts supervision and constructive feedback.

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SUMMARY
Microteaching involves presentation of micro lesson Audience.small group of peers. Feedback given by peers role playing as students Participants learn about strengths & weakness in themselves as teachers Plan strategies for improvement in performance

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Why teaching profession is good?

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Even the best teacher can learn a Remember!!! his or great deal from her students

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Secret

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Need of the hour

Working Together, We Can achieve our goal and expected qualities in higher education
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Present Teacher

Expected Teacher

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Thanks
.

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Dr G L Gulhane P G Department of Education Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati

E-mail: glgulhane@gmail.com 09527360926

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