Chapter 1

Mental Health and Mental Illness

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Mental Health
Able to recognize own potential Cope with normal stress
Work productively Make contribution to community
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Traits of Mental Health

Ability to
Think rationally Communicate appropriately Learn Grow emotionally Be resilient

Have a healthy self-esteem

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Mental Illness
Considered clinically significant when marked by
Patients distress Disability or Risk of disability or Loss of freedom Is culturally defined
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Diathesis-Stress Model
Diathesis biological predisposition Stress environmental stress or trauma

Most accepted explanation for mental illness

Combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
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Social Influences on Mental Health Care

Mental health movement National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)

Decade of the brain

New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Mental Health Parity Act
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Epidemiology of Mental Disorders

Study distribution of mental disorders
Identify high-risk groups Identify high-risk factors

Lead to etiology of mental disorder Use information to

Improve clinical practice Plan public health policies
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Clinical Epidemiology
Groups treated for specific mental disorders studied for
Natural history of illness Diagnostic screening tests Interventions

Results used to describe frequency of

Mental disorders

Symptoms appearing together

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In the DSM-IV-TR
Mental disorders are considered a manifestation of a
Behavioral Psychological or Biological

dysfunction of the individual The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) is used to classify diagnostic categories for psychiatric disorders.
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The DSM-IV-TR Multiaxial System

Axis I: Mental disorder that is the focus of treatment

Axis II: Personality disorders and mental retardation

Axis III: General medical disorder relevant to the mental disorder in axis I Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)

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ICD-10
International Classification of Disease Clinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders Divided into 10 disease classifications

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The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes.

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Levels of Psychiatric Nursing Practice

Basic Level Advanced Practice Each has clearly defined roles

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