Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Buku Wajib:
Managerial Economics, Mark Hirschey & James L. Pappas, 8th Edition, The Dryden Press, 1996. Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, Dominick Salvatore, 5th Edition, Thomson South-Western, 2004. Managerial Economics: Analysis and Strategy, Evan Douglas, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., 1995.
PEMBAGIAN KELOMPOK
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 01 (15): 3 org ,presentasi 1 X 02 (10): 3 org; presentasi 1 X 03 (17): 3 org; presentasi 1 X 04 (31): 5 org; presentasi 2 X 05 (07): 2 org; presentasi 1 X 06 (24): 4 org; presentasi 2 X 07 (18): 3 org; presentasi 1 X 08 (16): 3 org; presentasi 1 X Jadi 10 minggu utk presentasi kelompok Ujian final sesuai jadwal (closed book/individu) Tugas kelompok dikirim ke:mahliamuis@yahoo.co.id
KRITERIA PENILAIAN
1. TUGAS/PRESENTASI (BOBOT 30 %) : 2. KEHADIRAN a. Keaktifan; b. Kehadiran; c. Rationalitas (Bobot 30%) 2. UJIAN FINAL ( BOBOT 40 % )
TOPIK:
Pengertian Managerial Economics
PENGERTIAN EKONOMI MANAGERIAL (EM) Application of economic theory and methods to business and administrative decision making (Hirschey & Pappas,1996). Application of economic theory and tools of analysis of decision sciences to examine how an organization can achieve its aims or objectives most efficiently (Salvatore, 2004).
Managerial Economics: Application of economic theory & decision sciences tools to solve managerial decision problems.
THEORY OF THE FIRM A firm an organization that combines and organizes resources for the purpose of producing goods and/or services for sale. Alasan2 Eksistensi Perusahaan: menghemat transaction costs menghemat sales taxes menghindari price controls & regulasi lainnya oleh pemerintah yg berlaku pd transaksi antar firms.
Resources : anything used to produce a good or service, more generally, to achieve a goal. Decisions are important because scarcity implies that by making one choice, you give up another. Managerial economics, therefore, is the study of how to direct scarce resources in the way that most efficiently achieves a managerial goal.
Understand incentives
Role of profits: profits signal the holders of resources when to enter and exit particular industries. In effect, changes in profit provide an incentive to resource holders to alter their use of resources. Within a firm, incentives affect how resources are used and how hard workers work. To succeed as manager, you must have a clear grasp of the role of incentives within an organization such a firm and how to construct incentives to induce maximal effort from those you manage.
Understand Markets
The power or bargaining position , of consumers and producers in the market is limited by three sources of rivalry: - Consumer-producer rivalry - Consumer-consumer rivalry - Producer-producer rivalry
FV1
FV2
FVn
PV =
(1 + r)1
n
(1 + r)2
+.... +
(1 + r)n
PV =
S (1 + r)
FVt
t=1
FV1,., FVn =
Contoh kasus
What is the present value of $100,- in 10 years if the interest rate is at 7 percent? PV = $100 / (1+0,07)10 = $100 / 1,97 = $50,76,-
PV =
(1 + r)1
n
(1 + r)2 - Co
+.... +
(1 + r)n
- Co
PV =
S (1 + r)
FVt
t=1
Co = current cost of the project FV1,., FVn = Future value setiap th selama n th PV = Present Value r = tingkat suku bunga
Jawaban
PV=50.000/1,08 + 60.000/(1,08)2 + 75.000/(1,08)3 + 90.000/(1,08)4 + 90.000/(1,08)5 = $284,679. The present value of the new machine: NPV = PV Co = $284,679 - $300.000 = -$15.321.
Marginal Analysis
Marginal analysis states that optimal managerial decisions involve comparing the marginal (or incremental) benefits of a decision with the marginal (incremental) costs. The optimal amount of studying for this course is determined by comparing (1) the improvement in your grade that will result from an additional hour of studying and (2) the additionalcosts of studying an additional hour. So long as the benefits of studying an additional hour exceed the costs of studying an additional hour, it is profitable to continue to study. However, once an additional hour of studying adds more to costs that it does to benefits, you should stop studying.
Q given 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B(Q) given 0 90 170 240 300 350 390 420 440 450 450
Objectives & Value of the Firm EM postulating a theory of the firm analysing managerial decision making. Theory of the firm: Traditionally asumsi, firms goal: max short-run profit. Present firms goal: max the wealth or value of the firm
PV =
(1 + r)1
n
+.... +
PV =
S (1 + r)
t=1
pt
Value of Firm =
S (1 + r)
n
t=1
TR - TC
t
Persamaan di atas merupakan tema pemersatu dlm analisis managerial decision making.
Constraints on the Operation of the Firm limitation on the availability of essential inputs limitation on space limitation in the quantity of funds available legal contraints, etc.
Constrained Optimization
Manager modern corp. berusaha memax. sales stlh memperoleh laba yg memuaskan stakeholders. Management Utility Maximization (Williamson, et al):
Pemisahan management dg pemilik dlm modern firm para manager cenderung lbh memax. utility mereka ketimbang max. firm profit principle agent problem.
THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF PROFITS Business Profit: Revenue explicit or accounting costs of the firm Economic Profit:
Theories of Profit
Risk Bearing Theories of Profit Profit di atas normal (ec. profit) diperlukan utk usaha2 yg resikonya di atas rata2. Frictional Theory of Profit Profit timbul krn friksi atau goncangan2 pd long-run equilibrium normal return. Monopoly Theory of Profit Profit timbul krn monopoly power yg membatasi output dan membebankan hg > perfect competition.
Innovation Theory of Profit Economic profit merupakan imbalan atas innovasi yg sukses. Managerial Efficiency Theory of Profit Jika perusahaan2 cenderung memperoleh normal return atas investasinya dlm long-run, maka hanya yg efisien yg akan memperoleh ec. profit (di atas normal).
Function of Profit konsumen menghendaki lebih banyak output industri insentif bagi perusahaan2 utk meningkatkan output insentif bagi perusahaan2 utk masuk dlm industry dlm long-run. insentif bagi perusahaan2 utk meningkatkan efisiensi.
Sinyal penting reallokasi s.daya masyarakat yg mencerminkan perubahan consumer tastes dan demand dr waktu ke waktu.
BUSINESS ETHICS
Etika sumber pedoman yg melampaui hukum yg dpt dilaksanakan. Prilaku terlarang bagi perusahaan, manager, staf, dan karyawan untuk melakukan sesuatu.