PRESENTED BY: PARUL YADAV MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Space

robotics is the development of machines for the space environment that performs Exploration, or to Assemble, Construct, Maintain or Service other hardware in space. Humans generally control space robots locally (e.g.space shuttle robotic arm) or from a great distance (e.g. Mars exploration Rover)

Perform tasks less expensively, sooner, and/or with less risk or more delicate "touch" than with human astronauts Go where people cant go (within reason), and for long durations Space is a hazardous environment Access to space is expensive Robots don't need to return to Earth (which can be very costly)task less expensibly

SENSORS POWER SUPPLY

GROUND CONTROL

RADIO LINK

CONTROLLER
ACTUATOR

All space robots are basically quite similar, in that each has a controller, DRIVE sensors,actuator,Radio communications and a power supply.The sensors provide information about the robot environment

The controller process the information from the sensors and instruction radioed from the ground control, and sends appropriate command signal to the actuators. The actuator and drive convert the command into actions.

 MOBILITY: Need

to plan paths that move quickly and accurately between 2 points without collisions or putting robot or worksite elements at risk. MANIPULATION: using arms and hands to contact worksite elements safely, quickly, and accurately without accidentally contacting unintended objects or imparting excessive forces beyond those needed for the task,

 TIME

DELAY: allowing a distant human to effectively command the robot to do useful work. ENVIRONMENTS: operating despite intense heat or cold, ionizing radiation, hard vacuum, corrosive atmospheres, very fine dust, etc.

 In-orbit positioning and

assembly: For deployment of satellite and for assembly of modules to satellite/space station. Operation: For conducting experiments in space lab. Maintenance: For removal and replacement of faulty modules/packages. Resupply: For supply of equipment, materials for experimentation in spacelab and for the resupply of fuel.

 ROBONAUT

Robonaut is an "astronaut-equivalent", highly dexterous robot that can use all the same tools, handholds and other equipment that astronauts in space suits can use; it can be teleoperated by nearby humans (e.g. in a spacecraft or habitat), operate autonomously via multi-second time delay, or perform as an assistant in collaboration with suited astronauts

VIKING PROGRAM: It consisted of a pair of American space probes sent to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2. Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts, an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of Mars from orbit, and a lander designed to study the planet from the surface.. It was the most expensive and ambitious mission ever sent to Mars, with a total cost of

roughly US$1 billion. It was highly successful and formed most of the database of information about Mars until the late 1990s and early 2000s

SOJURNER : It was launched on December 4, 1996 and reached Mars on July 4, 1997, directly entering the planet's atmosphere and bouncing on inflated airbags. Mars Pathfinder was designed to be a demonstration of the technology necessary to deliver a lander and a free-ranging robotic rover to the surface of Mars in a costeffective and efficient manner. Pathfinder not

only accomplished this goal but also returned an unprecedented amount of data and outlived its primary design life. The entire project cost roughly $280 million according to NASA estimates.

ROVER: Spirit, MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover A), is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It landed successfully on mars on january 4, 2004. Spirit is six-wheeled, solar-powered robots standing 1.5 m (4.9 ft) high, 2.3 m (7.5 ft) wide and 1.6 m (5.2 ft) long and weighing 180 kg.

Its 20 MHz RAD6000 CPU with 128 MB of DRAM controls both a low-gain and highgain antenna for communication with the Mars Odyssey satellite or directly with Earth. There are a total of nine cameras on each rover, along with a exploratory arm equipped with a pair of spectrometers, magnets, microscopic imaging device and a rock abrasion tool.

In the future, robot will make it possible for billions of people to have life of leisure instead of current preoccupation with materials needs. There are hundreds of millions who are now facinated by space but do not have the means to explore it. For them the space robotics will throw open the door to explore and experience the universe.