DEFINITION

Buffer solutions are solution which can defend the value of pH from the effect
addition of a little strong acid addition of a little strong base dilution (the addition of solvent)

KINDS OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS

1. ACID BUFFER SOLUTION Consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base. ( A weak acid and its salt ) Example A mixture of:

CH3COOH and CH3COO(CH3COOH and CH3COONa) H2CO3 and HCO3(H2CO3 and NaHCO3) HF and KF HCOOH and ( HCOO)2Ba H2PO4- and HPO42 ( NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 )

alculating pH of an Acid Buffer Solution [H+] = Ka x mmol weak acid . mmol conjugate base or [H+] = Ka x mol weak acid . mol salt pH = - log [H+]

2. BASE BUFFER SOLUTION

Consist of a weak base and its conjugate acid. ( a weak base and its salt )
Example Mixture between:

NH3 and NH4+ ( NH4OH and NH4NO3 ) NH3 and ( NH4 )2 SO4

Calculating pH of Base Buffer Solution [OH-] = Kb x mmol weak base mmol conjugate acid or [OH-] = Kb x mol weak base mol salt pOH = -log [OH-] pH = pKw - pOH

Example: 1) Determine the pH of a solution which consists of a mixture of 200 ml of CH3COOH 0.1 M and 100 ml of NaOH 0.1 M. Ka of CH3COOH = 10-5
S R AR

CH3COOH + 20 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol

NaOH 10 mmol 10 mmol Acid Buffer

CH3COONa + H20
10 mmol 10 mmol

10 H 10 x 10 pH 5
5

2)Calculate the pH of solution is made by mixing of 200 ml of NH4OH 0.2 M and 100 ml of H2SO4 0.1 M. Kb NH3 = 10-5
S R AR

2 NH4OH 40 mmol 20 mmol 20 mmol

H2SO4 10 mmol 10 mmol Base Buffer

(NH4)2SO4 + 2 H20
10 mmol 10 mmol

OH

mmol NH4OH 20 5 Kb x 10 x 2(10) mmol NH 4

pOH log 10 5 5 9

pH 14 5

3) 690 mg HCOOH and 566 mg NaHCOO is dissolved in water until 100 ml solution. Ka HCOOH = 1.8 x 10-4
a. Determine the pH of the solution! b. If 1 ml Ba(OH)2 0.25 M is added into the solution, what is the pH now? c. If 1 ml H2SO4 0.25 M is added into the solution, what is the pH now?

mgr 690 mmol HCOOH 15 mmol a. Mr 46 mgr 566 mmol NaHCOO 8.3 mmol Mr 68 mmol HCOOH 15 -4 H Ka 1.8 x 10 3.25 10 4 mmol NaHCOO 8.3 pH 4 - log 3.25 3.49

b. mmol Ba OH 2 0.25 1 0.25 mmol

mmol OH
S R Ar

2 0.25
HCOOH 15 mmol 0.5 mmol 14.5 mmol

0.5 mmol
HCOO- + H20 8.3 mmol 0.5 mmol 8.8 mmol

OH- + 0.5 mmol 0.5 mmol -

Acid Buffer

mmol HCOOH 14.5 4 H Ka x 1.8 x10 2.97 x10 4 mmol HCOO 8.8 pH 4 log 2.97 4 - 0.47 3.53

c.

mmol H 0.25 x 1 x 2 0.5 mmol

H+ + S 0.5 mmol R 0.5 mmol Ar HCOO8.3 mmol 0.5 mmol 7.8 mmol

HCOOH 15 mmol 0.5 mmol 15.5 mmol

mmol HCOOH 15.5 4 H Ka x 1.8 x10 3.58x10 4 mmol HCOO 7.8 pH 4 log 3.58 4 - 0.55 3.45