HIV/AIDS and the Workplace

Why should workers be concerned about HIV/AIDS?

Most of the persons tested HIV+ are in their most economically productive age like the workers. Workers needs most attention in HIV/AIDS prevention work. Workplace is an ideal venue for communicating this info since the most vulnerable population spends a large amount of their time at work.

Why is education important for everyone in the workplace?

April 2006:
55

million Filipinos are 15 years old and above 36 million are in the labor force

When workers are well educated about HIV/AIDS

1/3

of all Filipinos are helping to prevent and control HIV/AIDS from spreading

Global HIV Situation estimated to be living Adults and children

with HIV/AIDS as of end 2007
East Asia & Pacific 1 million South & South-East Asia 7.8 million
Sub-Saharan Africa 24.7 million

Asia and the Pacific 8.8 million

Total: 33 million (30 36 million)

HIV/AIDS in Selected Countries in Asia & the Pacific

Generalised HIV epidemic:
Cambodia*, parts of India, Myanmar & Thailand*

Concentrated HIV epidemic:

Parts of China, parts of India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal & Vietnam

Low HIV epidemic:

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, parts of India, Maldives, Philippines, Republic of Korea & Sri Lanka

Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry:

Increasing for the past 3 years Most of the cases (96%) were males Median age was 26 years (age range 18-61 years) 25-29 year-age-group had the most number of cases (35%) Ninety four (75%) of the reported cases were from NCR

Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry:

All of the cases reported sexual contact as the mode of HIV transmission Males having sex with males (87%) were the predominant type of sexual transmission Most (98%) of the cases were still asymptomatic at the time of reporting

Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry:

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

1,348

1984 30% of all reported cases, 20% in 2009 74% (1000) were males Ages 18-69 years (median 36 years) Sexual intercourse (95%) as the predominant mode of transmission

HIV+ OFWs since

Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry: Quick Facts

Demographic Data
Total reported Cases Asymptomatic Cases AIDS Cases Males Females Youth 15-24y/o Children <15y/o Reported Deaths due to AIDS

Dec 2009
126 123 3 121 5 38 0 0

Jan-Dec 2009
835 806 29 732 103 218 2 1

Cumulative Data: 1984-2009

4,424 3,592 832 3.232* 1,181* 724 52 318

* Note: No data available on sex for eleven (11) cases

Number of New HIV Cases per Month (2007-2009)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2007 2008 2009

Mode of HIV Transmission

Mode of Transmission Dec 2009 Jan-Dec Cumulative n=126 2009 n=835 n=4,424
119 16 (13%) 81 (68%) 22 (19%) 0 0 0 0 7 804 216 (27%) 336 (42%) 252 (31%) 0 0 0 2 29 3,994 2,214 (55%) 1,171 (29%) 609 (15%) 19 8 3 49 351

Sexual Contact Heterosexual contact Homosexual contact Bisexual contact Blood/Blood Products Injecting Drug Use Needle Prick Injury Mother-to-Child No Data Available

Province of Cavite
Total Population: 3 million First class province 153 registered cases (July 2009) 21 out of 23 cities and municipalities have a reported case of HIV

HIV/AIDS 101

H UMAN I MMUNODEFICIENCY IRUS V A CQUIRED I MMUNE D EFICIENCY YNDROME S

How does HIV attack the immune system?

How does the immune system work?

Your body is protected by the immune system made up of White Blood Cells

Your body is protected

White Blood Cells fight disease and germs for your body

The Struggle HIV the victor

After a very long struggle lasting years, HIV kills most of your White Blood Cells, leaving your body unprotected

No protection
Many other (secondary) diseases attack and kill the body:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Progression of Infection
Tests Infecti on Health/immune status
Window period

recurrent minor problems

test asymptom atic aids-defining illness Progressive deterioration death

0 12 weeks 8-10 yr 1 2 yr

Is there a CURE for HIV? Is there TREATMENT for HIV?

What is the difference between Cure and Treatment?

Cure
A

type of medicine that will take away a specific disease Sadly, at the moment, there is no cure for HIV. There is no medicine that can remove HIV from ones body once infected

Treatment
Strengthening the immune system Treat the symptoms of opportunistic infections Antiretroviral therapy (ART or ARVs)

How is HIV Transmitted?

It

needs

Certain

body fluids Conducive condition Certain action that could lead to infection

Body Fluids
Blood Semen Vaginal Fluid Breast Milk Saliva Tears Perspiration Urine
High HIV Concentration
(Evidence of transmission)

Low HIV Concentration

(No evidence of transmission)

Risk increasing conditions

Entry point (opening/cut) Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Quantity of virus

Ways of transmitting HIV

Sexual Activity

Mother to Baby

Blood

What behaviors can put me AT RISK?

Alcohol and narcotic drugs does not transmit HIV, but when one takes them, undesirable behaviors may happen and increase ones risk to be infected with HIV. Unprotected sex Unplanned sexual encounters Sexually transmitted infections Drug use, esp. sharing of needles, syringes & other drug-related equipments Multiple sex partners Sexual intercourse with partners using drugs

How HIV is not transmitted

Social contact

How HIV is not transmitted

Mosquito Bite

How HIV is not transmitted

Sharing toilet bowls or swimming pool

Prevention Strategies

A bstinence B e mutually faithful C onsistent & Correct Condom use D ont use drugs E ducation

A yoko muna B asta ikaw lang C ondom D roga dapat iwasan

RA 8504

The HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 Enacted in February 13, 1998 IRR promulgated on April 13, 1999

RA 8504
An Act promulgating: policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and education program establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council

RA 8504

Key Features:
a. Education and Information b. Safe Practices & Procedures c. Testing, Screening & Counseling d. Monitoring e. Confidentiality f. Discriminatory Acts and Practices g. Strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council

RA 8504

Education & Information Who needs to know about HIV?

Students and teachers Health workers and their clients Employers and employees Filipinos going abroad Tourists and transients Communities Those who have a relatively higher risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV

All government and private employees, workers, managers and supervisors be trained and instructed on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Confidentiality in the workplace shall be upheld and attitude towards infected workers should be positive.

RA 8504

Education & Information What kind of information?

Definition of HIV and AIDS Modes of Transmission Means of Prevention

RA 8504

Education & Information Misleading Information

Ads on benefits of non-prescription drugs, devices and treatments not approved by BFAD Ads offering false hopes of temporary or permanent cure Inaccurate lab data, statistics and/or scientific terms and data from doubtful sources

RA 8504
Education

& Information

Penalties for misleading information:

Imprisonment for two months to two years without prejudice to imposition of administrative sanctions or suspension or revocation of professional or business license

RA 8504
Safe

Practices & Procedures

What are safe practices and procedures Donated blood tissue & other organs should be tested for HIV Universal precautions should be practiced for surgical, dental, embalming, tattooing, etc.

RA 8504
Safe

Practices & Procedures

Penalties for unsafe practices and procedures:

Imprisonment 6 to 12 years, Administrative Sanctions such as fines and suspension or Revocation of license to practice his/her Profession Cancellation of withdrawal of permit to Operate of the business entity or accreditation of hospital, lab or clinic

RA 8504

Testing, Screening & Counseling

Should people be required to Undergo HIV Testing?

RA 8504

Testing, Screening & Counseling Who should receive the test results?
Person who was tested Parent or guardian of a minor who was tested Legal guardian of an insane person Person authorized to receive test results for AIDSWATCH

RA 8504

Testing, Screening & Counseling

Where should people go for testing?

People can go to accredited hospitals, clinics and laboratories for testing

RA 8504

Testing, Screening & Counseling How is the testing done?

Prior to testing --> Pre-test Counseling After testing, when results are released --> Post-test Counseling

RA 8504

Monitoring

Why do we have to monitor HIV/AIDS? To determine the magnitude and progression of HIV/AIDS in our country To evaluate the adequacy and efficacy of countermeasures

RA 8504

Monitoring How do we monitor HIV/AIDS?

Institutionalizing AIDS Watch Reporting of all cases in hospitals, clinics, laboratories and accredited testing centers Ensure anonymity of those tested Contact tracing

RA 8504

Confidentiality Why protect people with HIV/AIDS?

To protect the public.

RA 8504

Confidentiality Penalties for Violating Confidentiality Imprisonment of 6 months to 4 years without prejudice to administrative sanctions and possible suspension or revocation of license

RA 8504

Confidentiality Exceptions to the Mandate of Confidentiality:

When complying with requirements for monitoring procedures When informing other health workers directly involved or about to be involved in treatment or care of a PHA When responding to a subpoena duces tecum and subpoena ad testificandum

RA 8504

Confidentiality Confidentiality encompass all forms of communication obtained by:

Health professionals Health workers Co-workers Employers Recruitment agencies Insurance companies Data encoders Other record custodians

Information such as the name, address, picture, physical description or any other characteristics

RA 8504

Discriminatory Acts & Policies What does a person with HIV look like? How would you react if you found out that the person beside you were HIV positive?

RA 8504

Discriminatory Acts & Policies

Employment and livelihood Admission in schools Travel & habitation Appointive office Credit and insurance Health Decent burial services

PHAs cannot be denied access to:

Person with HIV could face discrimination and risk being marginalized in the society Examples of discrimination in the workplace: termination of employment, indiscriminate transfer against the persons will from one type of job to another, or being talked about in a negative way

Discrimination is prohibited in any form from pre-employment to post-employment. This includes hiring, promotion, or assignment based on actual, perceived, or suspected HIV status in a person.

It is unlawful for an employer to terminate anyone from work solely on the basis of actual, perceived, or suspected HIV status of an individual.

RA 8504

Discriminatory Acts & Policies

Penalties for Discriminatory Acts

Imprisonment of 6 months to 4 years and a fine not exceeding Php10,000.00; Licenses or permits of schools, hospitals and other institutions guilty of discrimination shall be revoked

Cavite STI/HIV/AIDS Program

Policy Framework to reach MARP, VP and GP Behavior Change Communication

Care & Support to PLWHA Treatment of PLHWA

Voluntary Counseling & Testing Services

Community Empowerment Reduction of Stigma/ Discrimination Access to HIV Prevention Services, including safe blood units

Surveillance & Monitoring

Major Outcome:
Reduced STI Rates Increased Condom use rate for MARP Decreased HIV+ blood units Increased uptake of VCT Increased # PLWHA in TCS programs

Impact: Less than 1% HIV Prevalence Mitigate Impact among PLWHA

HIV is not a death sentence. But silence about HIV and AIDS can be one. So let us speak up about HIV and AIDS. It is a priority, not only in our work, but in our lives - Kofi Annan

Cavite STI/HIV/AIDS Program

Maraming Salamat po!!!