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Shira Babow GENI Research Associate shira.babow@gmail.

com

The Amu Darya River Basin

Hydrological Significance of the ADRB

The Water-Food-Energy Nexus

Geography

Upstream (Tajikistan and Afghanistan)

Downstream (Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

The Water-Energy Tradeoff

Water Withdrawal Limit vs. Population


Country Population Water Withdrawal Limit (c. 1992)
9.5 km cubed 22 km cubed 22 km cubed

Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan N. Afghanistan

7 million 5 million 28 million

Est. 15-30 million 2.1 km cubed

Surface Water Mineralization in the Downstream States

Confined vs. Semi-Confined Aquifers

Sources of Groundwater Pollution

Global Warming

Left column: untouched desert land Right column: irrigated desert land Left to Right: 1989, 2003, 2009

The Central Asian Power System (CAPS)


Red line = 500 kV Blue line = 220 kV Black line = 110 kV Center of CAPs in Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Tajikistan: Electricity Sources and Renewable Potential


Source Amount Generated (GWh) Renewable Resource Energy Generation Potential
Hydropower Wind Biomass Solar 16,184 Geothermal Total Total Electricity 13,540 GWh Consumption 300,000 GWh 1,900 MW Est. 2,000 GWh 25,000 GWh Unknown 327,000 GWh

Hydroelectric 15,800 Stations Natural Gas Stations Total Generated


327

Turkmenistan: Electricity Sources and Renewable Potential


Source Energy Generated (GWh)
15,977

Renewable Resource
Hydropower

Energy Generation Potential


1,700 GWh (economically feasible) Est. 10 GW 1,989 kWh/sq. m Unknown Unknown Min. 1,700 GWh

Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Stations Total

Wind Solar

15,980

Biomass Geothermal Total

Total Electricity 12,180 GWh Consumption

Uzbekistan: Electricity Sources and Renewable Potential


Source Energy Generated (GWh)
2,308 1,037 37,495 9,330 50,170 45,430 GWh

Renewable Resource
Hydropower Wind Biomass Solar Geothermal Total

Energy Generation Potential


26,700 GWh 4,300 MW Min. 3.5 GWh Est. 181,720 GWh 135-1150 MWt Min. 212,700 GWh

Coal and Peat Oil Natural Gas Hydroelectric Stations Total Total Electricity Consumption

Potential Solutions to Combat Water and Energy Crises


Restructure the River Basin Organization: two-tier representative selection, third-party monitoring, transparency. Create appropriate financial mechanisms for the water-energy tradeoff: de-link water and energy trade, variable water rates, line of credit with Guarantee Fund. Improve the efficiency of irrigated agriculture: alternate dry furrow irrigation, drip irrigation. Diversify the agriculture sector. Invest in renewable energy. Local education: involve farmers in the scientific process, harness local knowledge and encourage innovation.

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