Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
June 08
Index
Solar energy : why should it make sense? Definitions CSP review
Technology Project Development Issues Generation costs Market perspectives Support schemes
CPV review
Technology Generation costs Market perspectives
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Source : NASA
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Sources : Eurelectric 2007 German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
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Index
Solar energy : why should it make sense? Definitions CSP review
Technology Project Development Issues Generation costs Market perspectives Support schemes
CPV review
Technology Generation costs Market perspectives
www.leonardo-energy.org
Solar Field
Power Block
CPV
CONCENTRATION PHOTOVOLTAICS : photovoltaic process Concentrate solar radiation on the PV cell Direct generation of electrical power
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Index
Solar energy : why should it make sense? Definitions CSP review
Technology Project Development Issues Generation costs Market perspectives Support schemes
CPV review
Technology Generation costs Market perspectives
Central Tower
Fresnel Concentrators
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Parabolic Troughs
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Parabolic Troughs
Solar Field
Power Block
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Parabolic Troughs
Solar Field
Steam Generator
Condenser
Deaerator Reheated Steam (17 bar, 371C) Re-heater Oil Expansion Tank
Pre-heater
Oil 295C
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Parabolic Troughs
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Impact of cost of building a dedicated electrical line to reach the main grid Gas : required to maintain temperatures during the night (other fuels can be considered for isolated zones)
In sunny places there is strong competition for water use! No special interest zone (urban, industrial, environmental protection) Absolutely flat for parabolic troughs Should accept and support the project
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Power Block
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Obtaining Administrative Authorisation Consultation to affected entities Request for Project Approval Construction permits Maturing period : 18 months
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TSO provides the conditions for grid access Project Developer presents its project Project Developer asks for connection point TSO provides connection point
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Spanish System
Required conditions
Installation controlled from the dedicated TSO dispatching center Storage ability: 4h Energy restitution efficiency : 60%
Benefits
Less requirements and more guarantees to obtain access to the grid Participation in ancillary services markets
Project Developper can make the choice to go for storage or not, so making its installation dispatchable or not. If not dispatchable, grid access seems more difficult to obtain and would be subject to curtailments when in operation
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Absorber Tube
Manufacturers oligopoly Extremely critical and technical product (lasting vacuum, layers stability, high transmissivity of glass, high absorptivity and low emissivity of absorber, junctions metal/glass, dilatation management) Several structures available in the market Continuous evolution to comply with alignment requirements at the lowest cost Liquid salts is the technology used for the moment, but many other are in development
Support Structure
Thermal storage
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Grid Connection
Fuel Procurement
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Financial Entity
Legal Advisor
Technical Advisor
Fuel
PROJECT
O&M Insurance
Electricity Sales
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Expected generation : Availability and Quality of solar radiation data Thermal storage Hybridizing with NG or biomass Regulatory risk: once reached the targets set by the Ministry, no more support is available
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50 MW - With storage
Investment : 4500 /kW up to 6000 /kW Annual production : 3000 to 4000 hours South Spain Water consumption : 6m3/MWh Gas consumption : > 60 GWh / year Collecting surface : increased according to the storage capability
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Spain
CSP :
Target : 500 MW in 2010 Tariff : 278 /MWh or market price + 262 /MWh lasting : 25 years
After 25 years : 222 /MWh or market price + 210 /MWh
Feed-in tariffs have provided the required confidence to carry out huge investments up to 6000 /kW
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North Africa
ISCC : Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Excellent way to recover solar energy and optimize its thermodynamic efficiency thanks to higher temperatures reached by burning natural gas ISCC by Abengoa Solar : Morocco 470 MW, Algeria 150 MW
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USA
State requirements RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards) + remuneration based on PPA negotiation (Power Purchase Agreements) + pluri-annual Federal ITC application (Investment Tax Credit)
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Index
Solar energy : why should it make sense? Definitions CSP review
Technology Project Development Issues Generation costs Market perspectives Support schemes
CPV review
Technology Generation costs Market perspectives
www.leonardo-energy.org
www.leonardo-energy.org
CPV - Advantages
Less sensitive to hot climates
Time to Operation
No water needs
Modular / Scalable
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CPV - Disadvantages
Sensitivity to clouds
No easy storage ability
These two issues together should be solved, as TSO cannot accept sharp fluctuations in the generated power
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Cassegrain
Low Concentration
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Light need to be focused at the cell, not close to the cell The higher concentration ratio, the lower angle tolerance In practice, 0.1% accuracy is currently reached Solid structures are required New structural concepts are being developed
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Reductions in module cost and required area would lead to drastic decrease of Levelized Cost of Energy Source : Concentrix
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Source : Concentrix
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GUASCOR FOTON
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SOL 3G
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Index
Solar energy : why should it make sense? Definitions CSP review
Technology Project Development Issues Generation costs Market perspectives Support schemes
CPV review
Technology Generation costs Market perspectives
Central tower
20 100 MW 600C 23% Soon
CPV
10 kW 20 kW per tracker. Scalable PV effect, no thermal Current : 25 % Soon : > 30 % Yes, with huge amounts of MW available in coming years No No No water 2
Thermal : Possible Possible (any fuel) Similar to parabolic trough 2 2,5 (more if storage)
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Parabolic troughs
Current investment cost Current LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) Expected LCOE by 2020 4 6 /W (according to storage size) 260 /MWh in South Europe 180 /MWh in MENA 200 /MWh in South Europe. Lower in sunnier locations
Central tower
4 6,5 /W
CPV
6 7 /W
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References
CSP summit Madrid February 2008 Intereconoma Conferencias CPV summit, Madrid 1-2 April 2008 (http://www.cpvtoday.com/index.shtml) http://www.schott.com/csp/english/download/schott_memorandum_e.pdf http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_publications_annual.html http://www.eupvplatform.org/ http://www.csptoday.com/
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Thank you!
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