MULTIPLE-INPUTMULTIPLE- OUTPUT

(MIMO) SYSTEMS
BY Sameer tiwari & Amit mishra (EC) 3rd yr Sept.17, 2011

TOPICS

Motivations for the development of MIMO systems Different Types of multiple antenna system Basic principle and model of MIMO Applications Conclusion

MIMO IN MUNI WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM

WHY MIMO
Motivation:current wireless systems --capacity constrained networks --issue related to quality and coverage MIMO exploits the space dimensions to improve wireless systems capacity ,range and reliability

High data rate wireless communications links with transmission rates nearing 1 Gigabit/second (will quantify a bit shortly) Provide high speed links that still offer good Quality of Service (QoS) (will be quantified mathematically)

MIMO DEFINED

MIMO is an antenna technology that is used both in transmitter and reciever equipment for wire less radio

SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY

Spectral efficiencies of some widely used modulation schemes

Scheme BPSK QPSK

b/s/Hz 1 2

16-QAM
64-QAM

4
6

The Whole point: Given an acceptable Pe , realistic power and BW limits, MIMO Systems using smart modulation schemes provide much higher spectral efficiencies than traditional SISO

HOW MIMO WORKS

Multiple data stream transmitted in a single channel at the same time Multiple radios collect muti path signals Delivers simultaneous speed,coverage ,and reliabilty improvements

MIMO SYSTEM MODEL

s1
User data stream . .

h11 h12 . . Channel Matrix H

y1
y2
. . User data stream

s2

.
. sM

yM y Received vector

s Transmitted vector

y = Hs + n
MT h11 h12 . h1M h21 h22 . h2M .. hM1 .. hM2 .. . .. hMM hij is a Complex Gaussian random variable that models fading gain between the ith transmit and jth receive antenna

Where H = MR

CAPACITY OF MIMO CHANNELS

y = Hs + n Let the transmitted vector s be a random vector to be very general and n is normalized noise. Let the total transmitted power available per symbol period be P. Then, C = log 2 (IM + HQHH) b/s/Hz where Q = E{ssH} and trace(Q) < P according to our power constraint

Consider specific case when we have users transmitting at equal power over the channel and the users are uncorrelated (no feedback available). Then, CEP = log 2 [IM + (P/MT)HHH] b/s/Hz Telatar showed that this is the optimal choice for blind transmission

Foschini and Telatar both demonstrated that as MT and MR grow, CEP = min (MT,MR) log 2 (P/MT) + constant b/s/Hz
Note: When feedback is available, the Waterfilling solution is yields maximum capacity but converges to equal power capacity at high SNRs

PRACTICAL SYSTEM
1
R bits/symbol

2 SpaceTime Coding . . MT

Channel coding Redundancy in time Coding rate = rc

Symbol mapping

rs : number of different symbols N transmitted in T symbol periods rs = N/T

Non-redundant portion of symbols

Space- time redundancy over T symbol periods

Spatial multiplexing gain = rs

Spectral efficiency = (R*rc info bits/symbol)(rs)(Rs symbols/sec) w

= Rrcrs bits/s/Hz assuming Rs = w

rs is the parameter that we are concerned about: 0 rs MT ** If rs = MT, we are in spatial multiplexing mode (max

transmission rate) **If rs 1, we are in diversity mode

MIMO INCREASES RANGE

Traditional radios are confused by this mutipath ,while mimo takes advantage of these echoes to increase range and throuhput Each muti path route is treated as a separate channel,creating many virtual wires over which to transmit signal

SINGLE RADIO VS. MIMO PERFORMANCE

1.Wlan wifi 802.11n 2.Mesh 3.Network(e.g.muniwireless) 4.4G 5.RFID 6.Digital home

APPLICATIONS

ULTIMATE DIGITAL HOME

SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS
MIMO Systems are getting us closer to the 1Gbps landmark At the same time, they provide reliable communications Different architectures available for use Developing efficient network protocols for a MIMO PHY layer is an area of open research

THANK YOU!