VIRTUALIZATION

What Is Virtualization?

Ability to run applications, operating systems, or system services in a logically distinct system environment that is independent of a specific physical computer system

What Is Virtualization?

Types of Virtualization

Application Virtualization
the

process of compiling applications into machine - independent byte code that can subsequently be executed on any system that provides the appropriate virtual machine as an execution environment. Common Language Runtime (CLR) used by .NET applications Java Byte Code

Types of Virtualization

Desktop Virtualization
the

ability to display a graphical desktop from one computer system on another computer system or smart display device. Virtual Network Computing Microsoft s Remote Desktop

Types of Virtualization

Network Virtualization
ability

to refer to network resources logically rather than having to refer to specific physical network devices, configurations, or collections of related machines

Types of Virtualization

Server and Machine Virtualization

ability

to run an entire virtual machine, including its own operating system, on another operating system. KVM, Microsoft Virtual Server and Virtual PC, Parallels Workstation, User Mode Linux, Virtual Iron, VMware, and Xen

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Guest OS
Each

virtual server runs as a separate operating system instance within a virtualization application that itself runs on an instance of a specific operating system.

Parallel Virtual Machine

number

of physical or virtual systems are organized into a single virtual machine using clustering software such as a Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). The resulting cluster is capable of performing complex CPU and data - intensive calculations in a cooperative fashion

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Hypervisor based
A

small virtual machine monitor (known as a hypervisor) runs on top of your machine s hardware It identifies, traps, and responds to protected or privileged CPU operations made by each virtual machine It handles queuing, dispatching, and returning the results of hardware requests from your virtual machines. The most common approach to hypervisor based virtualization is known as paravirtualization

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Hypervisor based

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Full virtualization
also

uses a hypervisor, but incorporates code into the hypervisor that emulates the underlying hardware

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Full virtualization

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Kernel- level virtualization

This

type of virtualization does not require a hypervisor, but instead runs a separate version of the Linux kernel and an associated virtual machine as a user space process on the physical host.
virtualization uses a hypervisor, but it is only available on systems that provide hardware support for virtualization

Hardware virtualization
hardware

Most Common Approaches to Server And Machine Virtualization

Hardware virtualization

Types of Virtualization

Storage Virtualization
the

logical abstraction of physical storage

Why Virtualization Today?

Processors are faster than ever, support more memory than ever, and the latest multi - core processors literally enable single systems to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The integration of direct support for hardware level virtualization in the latest generations of Intel and AMD processors, motherboards, and related firmware A wide variety of virtualization products for both desktop and server systems

Advantages of Virtualization

Better Use of Existing Hardware Reduction in New Hardware Costs Reduction in IT Infrastructure Costs Simplified System Administration Increased Uptime and Faster Failure Recovery Simplified Capacity Expansion Simpler Support for Legacy Systems and Applications Simplified System - Level Development Simplified System Installation and Deployment Simplified System and Application Testing

Virtualization Caveats

Single Point of Failure Problems Server Sharing and Performance Issues Per - Server Network Congestion Increase in Networking Complexity and Debugging Time Increased Administrative Complexity

Overview of Xen and x86 Virtualization

To be able to execute multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single piece of hardware in isolation from one another To enable multiple virtual machines to run on a single piece of physical hardware To enable unmodified operating systems to run as virtual machines on a host system To be able to centrally administer isolated virtual machines within the context of a physical machine or an IT infrastructure

Xen Domains and the Hypervisor

is the basic abstraction layer of software that sits directly on the hardware below any operating systems. responsible for CPU scheduling and memory partitioning of the various virtual machines running on the hardware device not only abstracts the hardware for the virtual machines but also controls the execution of virtual machines

Xen Environment Components

Xen Hypervisor Domain 0 Guest

Domain

Management and Control (Xen DM&C)

Domain U Guest (Dom U)

PV

Guest HVM Guest

Xen Environment Components

Domain 0

a modified Linux kernel is a unique virtual machine running on the Xen hypervisor that has special rights Two drivers are included
the

Network Backend Driver and the Block Backend Driver

Domain U

have no direct access to physical hardware referred to as unprivileged Domain U PV Guests

PV

Network Driver and PV Block Driver

Domain U HVM Guests

does

not have the PV drivers Qemu-dm supports the Domain U HVM Guest for networking and disk access requests.

Domain U structure

Domain Management and Control

Xend

Domain Management and Control

Xm
takes

user input and passes to Xend

Xenstored
maintains

a registry of information including memory and event channel a C library that provides Xend the ability to talk with the Xen hypervisor via Domain 0.

Libxenctrl
is

Domain Management and Control

Qemu-dm
HVM

Guest running on a Xen environment requires its own Qemu daemon handles all networking and disk requests from the Domain U HVM Guest

Xen Virtual Firmware

is

a virtual BIOS that is inserted into every Domain U HVM Guest

Xen Operation

Domain 0 to Domain U Communication