What is Rice Bran?

Middle part of Rice hull and Rice constitute Rice Bran. Rice Bran consist of about 8% of total Rice. It consist mainly of 4 parts. Pericarp Nucellus Aleurone layer Seed coat

Rice Bran Oil

Rice Bran Oil or RBO is extracted from the Rice Bran. RBO consists about 17-20 wt% of the Rice Bran. Typical constituents are glycerides, free fatty acids, waxes, lipids and unsaponifiables.

Why RBO?
Most notable feature is its high level of components with nutraceutical value such as gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols, that help in lowering of cholesterol. Products with Nutraceutical(nutrition + pharmaceutical) value help in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Raw Material for RBO

Rice Bran is the raw material. Its major source is from Rice milling Industries. In milling, main steps are:-

ROUGH RICE

SCREENING

DESTONING

DEHULLING

RICE BRAN

RBO content dependency on Milling processes

Physical and Chemical nature of Rice Bran depends on: Rice variety Treatment of grain before milling Type of milling system

RBO content dependency on Stabilization of Rice Bran

Stabilization is necessary for high yield of RBO. Due to lipase activity during dehulling amount of FFA (free fatty acids) tend to increase in the oil. Large amount of FFA are not favorable in the oil.

Arrest lipase

Reduce color development STABILIZATION

Improve oil extraction efficiency

Sterilize the bran

Reduce fines in crude oil

How to determine RBO content in Rice Bran?

After getting Rice Bran from milling process, how to determine whether Rice Bran is commercially feasible to produce RBO? This can be done by using a Soxhlet solvent oil extractor, petroleum-ether, filter paper, electric oven and weighing scale.

METHOD
For us to calculate the total amount of oil in the sample the bran sample is first ground to small size, moisture removed and then oil is extracted from it using a Soxhlet extractor (for 16 cycles) then by measuring the difference in the weights of the sample containing oil and the sample after extraction, we can calculate the total amount of oil in the rice bran sample.

SOXHLET APPARATUS
Solvent (petroleum-ether)is put in the bottom flask and heating started. Rice Bran (wrapped in filter paper) is put in the thimble. Boiling solvent vapor moves up and after condensing collects in the thimble. Solvent in the thimble dissolves oil from Rice Bran. When thimble is fully filled, solvent refluxes through the siphon arm. This cycle is done for 16 times and then Bran sample is taken out, dried and then weighed.

Result
5g of Bran sample(from Maa Van Bahirvee Industries Ltd, Roberstganj, UP) and 200 ml of petroleum-ether was taken in Soxhlet extractor for 16 cycles and mean of 3 readings were taken.
Weight of sample after extraction
Weight of Oil Oil %

=4.281g
=5.000-4.281 =0.719g =0.719/5*100 =14.38 wt%

Discussion
The oil content in Rice Bran sample was found out to be approx. 15 %, which indicates a good sample for extraction of RBO. Given Rice Bran sample is commercially feasible to produce RBO from it.

Uses
In Japan, RBO is used as a vegetable oil on a large scale for frying over alternate oils due to its flavor. Non food uses of RBO in the making of soaps and glycerin. As a specialty ingredient in the cosmetic/ personal care market. Waxes may be used as a carnauba wax replacement in confectionery, cosmetics, and polishing compounds products.

References
Rice Bran Oil
Frank T. Orthoefer (http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filema nager/files/4281709/84607_25.pdf) http://www.ricebranoil.info

Factors affecting on RBO

www.mjae.eg.net/pdf/2009/jan/16.pdf

THANK YOU