Similar Triangle

Submitted by: Priyamvada Sharma X-C (Roll no:22)

Contents
Introduction Conditions of similarity Thales Theorem (BPT) Criteria for similarity of Triangles -SSS -SAS -AAA Pythagoras Theorem and its Converse Examples

Introduction
Similar triangles are triangles that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.

Conditions for Similarity

1. Their corresponding angles are equal 2. Their corresponding sides are in the same ratio ( or proportion).

Basic Proportionality Theorem: (Thales Theorem)

Basic Proportionality Theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. In the given figure, DE is parallel to BC, therefore

Side Side Side Criterion

SSS Criterion SSS Similarity Criterion: If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional their corresponding angles are equal and hence the triangles are similar. In the given triangles we observe that the ratio of the corresponding sides is the same.
= = =

Example
Question 2 A vertical tower 12 feet tall long casts a shadow 8 feet long on the ground. At the same time, another tower casts a shadow 40 feet long on the ground. Determine the height of the tower. Solution: Height of tower = 12 feet Length of the shadow = 8 feet. Let height of the second tower be = H Length of the shadow = 40 feet As the lengths of shadows at a particular time are proportional, H / 12= 40 / 8 or H = 5 * 12 or H = 60 feet Therefore, height of the tower = 60 feet.

Angle Angle Angle Criterion

AAA Similarity Criterion: If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are proportional and hence the triangles are similar. Corollary: If two angles of a triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar by AA Similarity Criterion.

Side Angle Side Criterion

SAS Similarity Criterion: If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other and the sides including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar.

Pythagorean theorem
In any right triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that meet at a right angle).

Converse of Pythagoras Theorem

The converse of the Pythagorean Theorem helps you to find out if a triangle is right. Basically, the converse states that whenever the sum of the squares of two sides equal to the square of the third side of the triangle, the triangle is a right triangle. For example, given the following 3 sides , is the triangle right? 4, 5, 3 Is 52 = 42 + 32 ? 52 = 25 and 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25 Since 25 = 25, the triangle is a right triangle.

Example of PT
Do the sides 6, 8, and 10 form a right triangle? Is 102 = 62 + 82 ? 102 = 100 and 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100

Since 100 = 100, the triangle is a right triangle.

Thank You